Kolena Branislav, Šviríková Barbora, Vondráková Mária
Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nabrezie Mladeze 91, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Oct 9;12(10):271. doi: 10.3390/sports12100271.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze and compare the somatotypes of professional football players from Slovakia with a non-athletic population.
Comparative analysis of professional soccer players by their positions, goalkeepers (n = 4; 8%), defenders (n = 16; 32%), strikers (n = 15; 30%), and midfielders (n = 15; 30%), in average age 16.88 ± 1.29 years, based on selected anthropometric parameters, somatotype components, and the resultant somatotype using the Heath-Carter method.
The average somatotype of the soccer players was categorized as an ectomorphic mesomorph (40%). Goalkeepers showed significantly greater body height (BH 187.98 ± 3.166 cm) and weight (BW 82.33 ± 4.922 kg) than midfielders (BH 179.25 ± 6.126 cm; = 0.03; BW 68 ± 6.304 kg; = 0.014) and strikers (BH 176.04 ± 4.998 cm; = 0.026; BW 68.93 ± 6.591 kg; = 0.026). Defenders had significantly greater BH (182.14 ± 4.853 cm; = 0.026) than strikers. Goalkeepers also had a significantly higher BMI than midfielders (23.28 ± 0.698 vs. 21.14 ± 1.282 kg/m; = 0.02) and greater epicondylar width of the humerus (EWH 7.36 ± 0.14 cm) compared to strikers (EWH 6.79 ± 0.308 cm; = 0.014). The average somatotype values identified goalkeepers [2.0-4.1-3.1], defenders [1.6-3.9-3.2], and strikers [1.7-4.2-2.9] as ectomorphic mesomorphs, while midfielders were identified as mesomorph-ectomorphs [1.6-3.7-3.6].
The results highlight the importance of somatotype in player position suitability and its impact on physical attributes in football.
背景/目的：本研究旨在分析和比较斯洛伐克职业足球运动员与非运动员群体的体型。
基于选定的人体测量参数、体型组成部分，并使用希思-卡特方法得出体型，对平均年龄为16.88±1.29岁的职业足球运动员按位置进行比较分析，包括守门员（n = 4；8%）、后卫（n = 16；32%）、前锋（n = 15；30%）和中场球员（n = 15；30%）。
足球运动员的平均体型被归类为外胚层中胚层体型（40%）。守门员的身高（BH 187.98±3.166厘米）和体重（BW 82.33±4.922千克）显著高于中场球员（BH 179.25±6.126厘米；p = 0.03；BW 68±6.304千克；p = 0.014）和前锋（BH 176.04±4.998厘米；p = 0.026；BW 68.93±6.591千克；p = 0.026）。后卫的身高（182.14±4.853厘米；p = 0.026）显著高于前锋。守门员的BMI也显著高于中场球员（23.28±0.698对21.14±1.282千克/平方米；p = 0.02），并且与前锋相比，肱骨髁上宽度更大（EWH 7.36±0.14厘米）（EWH 6.79±0.308厘米；p = 0.014）。平均体型值将守门员[2.0 - 4.1 - 3.1]、后卫[1.6 - 3.9 - 3.2]和前锋[1.7 - 4.2 - 2.9]确定为外胚层中胚层体型，而中场球员被确定为中胚层-外胚层体型[1.6 - 3.7 - 3.6]。
结果突出了体型在球员位置适配性方面的重要性及其对足球运动身体属性的影响。
