Kubayi Alliance, Paul Yvonne, Mahlangu Prescott, Toriola Abel
Department of Sport, Rehabilitation and Dental Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Tshwane, South Africa.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Dec 28;60:153-158. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0098. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide. Despite its global acclaim, scientific studies of soccer have tended to focus on tactics and techniques, thereby neglecting the physical and physiological profile of the players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine physical and anthropometric characteristics of male South African university soccer players. Twenty-seven male soccer players aged 19 to 24 (mean age: 22.1 years; s = 1.5 years) volunteered to participate in the study. The results showed that goalkeepers (77.5 ± 9.7 kg) and defenders (68.2 ± 6.5 kg) were the heaviest compared to players in other playing positions. The goalkeepers also had the highest percentage of body fat (11.3 ± 2.3%), in contrast to midfielders who had the lowest body fat content (9.1 ± 0.9%). With regard to flexibility, defenders (45.1 ± 4.9 cm) and midfielders (45.9 ± 5.4 cm) performed better than goalkeepers (37.1 ± 4.3 cm) and strikers (40.1 ± 3.4 cm). Midfielders (57.2 ± 3.1 ml·kg·min) and defenders (56.1 ± 5.1 ml·kg·min) had significantly higher values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO) than goalkeepers (47.9 ± 0.2 ml·kg·min) and strikers (49.8 ± 6.2 ml·kg·min). No significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed for all other variables, with the exception of body height, body mass, and VO. It was therefore concluded that sports scientists and coaches should tailor conditioning programmes in soccer according to players' positions in view of the implications for successful performance.
足球是全球最受欢迎的运动。尽管它在全球广受赞誉，但对足球的科学研究往往集中在战术和技术上，从而忽视了球员的身体和生理特征。因此，本研究的目的是调查南非大学男子足球运动员的身体和人体测量特征。27名年龄在19至24岁之间（平均年龄：22.1岁；标准差=1.5岁）的男子足球运动员自愿参与了这项研究。结果显示，与其他位置的球员相比，守门员（77.5±9.7千克）和后卫（68.2±6.5千克）体重最重。守门员的体脂百分比也最高（11.3±2.3%），相比之下，中场球员的体脂含量最低（9.1±0.9%）。在柔韧性方面，后卫（45.1±4.9厘米）和中场球员（45.9±5.4厘米）比守门员（37.1±4.3厘米）和前锋（40.1±3.4厘米）表现更好。中场球员（57.2±3.1毫升·千克·分钟）和后卫（56.1±5.1毫升·千克·分钟）的最大摄氧量（VO）值显著高于守门员（47.9±0.2毫升·千克·分钟）和前锋（49.8±6.2毫升·千克·分钟）。除身高、体重和VO外，所有其他变量均未观察到显著（p>0.05）差异。因此得出结论，鉴于对成功表现的影响，体育科学家和教练应根据球员的位置制定足球训练计划。
