Tedeschi Roberto, Ricci Vincenzo, Tarantino Domiziano, Tarallo Luigi, Catani Fabio, Donati Danilo
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20146 Milan, Italy.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Oct 17;12(10):282. doi: 10.3390/sports12100282.
Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) is a common condition characterized by repeated episodes of ankle "giving way" and impaired balance, leading to functional limitations. Various rehabilitation techniques, including balance training, proprioceptive exercises, whole-body vibration (WBV), and novel approaches like stroboscopic vision, are used to address these deficits. This review evaluates the effectiveness of different rehabilitation interventions for CAI management. A review was conducted by analyzing 11 randomized controlled trials that investigated the impact of balance and proprioceptive training programs on CAI. The primary outcomes assessed were the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and the risk of bias was evaluated with the ROB 2 tool. All rehabilitation interventions demonstrated significant improvements in SEBT, CAIT, and FAAM scores. However, no single intervention was found to be consistently superior. Traditional balance training, strength exercises, BAPS, and WBV all provided meaningful functional gains. Stroboscopic vision training showed similar effectiveness compared to conventional approaches. The evidence supports a combination of balance and strength training for optimal recovery. Balance and proprioceptive exercises are effective in managing CAI, with improvements in both dynamic stability and subjective outcomes. No intervention stands out as the best, but personalized programs incorporating various methods are recommended. Future research should explore the long-term effects and potential synergies of combined interventions.
慢性踝关节不稳（CAI）是一种常见病症，其特征为踝关节反复出现“打软”现象以及平衡功能受损，进而导致功能受限。多种康复技术，包括平衡训练、本体感觉训练、全身振动（WBV）以及频闪视觉等新方法，都被用于解决这些功能缺陷。本综述评估了不同康复干预措施对CAI管理的有效性。通过分析11项随机对照试验进行了一项综述，这些试验研究了平衡和本体感觉训练计划对CAI的影响。评估的主要结果指标为星形偏移平衡测试（SEBT）、坎伯兰踝关节不稳工具（CAIT）以及足踝能力测量（FAAM）。使用PEDro量表评估方法学质量，并使用ROB 2工具评估偏倚风险。所有康复干预措施均使SEBT、CAIT和FAAM评分有显著改善。然而，未发现单一干预措施始终具有优势。传统平衡训练、力量训练、BAPS和WBV均带来了有意义的功能改善。频闪视觉训练与传统方法显示出相似的效果。证据支持平衡训练和力量训练相结合以实现最佳恢复。平衡和本体感觉训练在管理CAI方面有效，可改善动态稳定性和主观结果。没有一种干预措施脱颖而出成为最佳选择，但建议采用包含多种方法的个性化方案。未来的研究应探索联合干预措施的长期效果和潜在协同作用。
