GSK, Wavre, Belgium.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
Ann Med. 2024 Dec;56(1):2411603. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2411603. Epub 2024 Oct 25.
Vaccines against diseases such as herpes zoster, pneumococcus and influenza are broadly recommended for older adults, but uptake is frequently low.
Part of the reason may be that access to adult vaccination can be problematic, particularly for minorities and other under-served populations. Potential barriers include complex procedures, limited resources in healthcare systems and lack of structured infrastructure.
STRESS-TESTING EXPENDED VACCINATION: The Covid-19 pandemic necessitated rapid expansion of the infrastructure to deliver adult vaccination, and triggered the use of facilities including pharmacies, schools, faith-based organizations, community organizations, shops and hair salons, drive-through centres and mobile vaccination units.
Although many such initiatives were temporary, they demonstrated the principle of effective expansion of adult vaccination and education to a range of new providers and settings. Of these, pharmacist involvement in immunization in particular has consistently been shown to be associated with increased immunization rates.
This review discusses results from attempts to expand and simplify the adult vaccination process, potentially allowing vaccination to be initiated by the recipient and completed in a single visit. These studies suggest that expanding adult vaccination access to new providers and/or new settings will require development of an integrated plan for preventive healthcare, covering areas such as setting target coverage rates, financial support, and development of immunization information systems accessible to all vaccination providers to maintain accurate immunization records and support interventions such as reminders.
针对疱疹、肺炎球菌和流感等疾病的疫苗被广泛推荐给老年人使用，但接种率往往较低。
部分原因可能是成年人接种疫苗的途径存在问题，尤其是少数民族和其他服务不足的人群。潜在的障碍包括程序复杂、医疗系统资源有限以及缺乏结构化的基础设施。
Covid-19 大流行需要迅速扩大基础设施以提供成人疫苗接种服务，这促使使用了包括药店、学校、信仰组织、社区组织、商店和美发沙龙、免下车中心和移动接种单位等设施。
尽管许多此类举措是临时性的，但它们证明了向一系列新的提供者和环境有效扩大成人疫苗接种和教育的原则。在这些举措中，药剂师参与免疫接种尤其被证明与更高的免疫接种率相关。
这篇综述讨论了尝试扩大和简化成人疫苗接种过程的结果，这可能使接种者能够自行启动并在一次就诊中完成接种。这些研究表明，要将成人接种疫苗的途径扩大到新的提供者和/或新的环境，需要制定一个综合的预防保健计划，涵盖设定目标覆盖率、财政支持以及开发所有疫苗接种提供者都能使用的免疫信息系统，以保持准确的免疫记录并支持提醒等干预措施。
