Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 25;19(10):e0310135. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310135. eCollection 2024.
Adequate dietary consumption of calcium is crucial in the preservation of bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis. This study investigated the prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake among individuals aged ≥50 years in Iran.
We analyzed data from the Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS-2021). Participants aged 50 years and older completed a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Insufficient dietary calcium intake was characterized as a daily calcium intake of <1000 mg for men aged 50-70 years, and <1200 mg for men over 70 years and women over 50 years and older. Stata v17 statistical software facilitated a survey set analysis to estimate the population's mean and median dietary calcium intake and the prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake.
The study included 1450 participants with a mean age of 60.7±7.9 years. The estimated mean dietary calcium intake in Iran was 1062.7 mg/day (95% CI: 1029.6-1095.8), with a median intake of 943.5 mg/d (95% CI: 910.5-976.4). The prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake in Iran was estimated to be 62.9% (95% CI: 60.0%-65.7%). Notably, the prevalence was higher among women at 75.5% (95% CI: 71.9%-78.8%), compared to men at 47.8% (95% CI: 43.4%-52.3%) with a significant difference (P<0.001). In age-related findings, individuals aged 65 years and older had a higher prevalence of insufficient intake, at 69.0% (95% CI: 63.9%-74.0%), versus those under 65 years, at 60.3% (95% CI: 56.9%-63.8%), with this difference being statistically significant (P = 0.007). Furthermore, a significant inverse relationship was identified between both educational years and socioeconomic status and the prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake (Ps for trends<0.001).
Our findings revealed a significant prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake in women and those aged 65 and older. We advocate for targeted public health strategies to ensure sufficient dietary calcium intake across these populations.
摄入足够的钙对于保持骨骼健康和预防骨质疏松症至关重要。本研究调查了伊朗≥50 岁人群中膳食钙摄入不足的流行情况。
我们分析了伊朗多中心骨质疏松研究（IMOS-2021）的数据。年龄在 50 岁及以上的参与者完成了一份 168 项食物频率问卷。对于 50-70 岁的男性、70 岁及以上的男性以及 50 岁及以上的女性，每天钙摄入量<1000mg 被定义为膳食钙摄入不足。Stata v17 统计软件进行了调查集分析，以估计人群的平均和中位数膳食钙摄入量以及膳食钙摄入不足的流行率。
研究纳入了 1450 名平均年龄为 60.7±7.9 岁的参与者。伊朗的估计平均膳食钙摄入量为 1062.7mg/天（95%CI：1029.6-1095.8），中位数摄入量为 943.5mg/d（95%CI：910.5-976.4）。伊朗膳食钙摄入不足的流行率估计为 62.9%（95%CI：60.0%-65.7%）。值得注意的是，女性的患病率较高，为 75.5%（95%CI：71.9%-78.8%），而男性为 47.8%（95%CI：43.4%-52.3%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。在年龄相关发现中，65 岁及以上人群的摄入不足患病率较高，为 69.0%（95%CI：63.9%-74.0%），而 65 岁以下人群为 60.3%（95%CI：56.9%-63.8%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.007）。此外，教育年限和社会经济地位与膳食钙摄入不足的流行率之间存在显著的负相关关系（趋势 P 值均<0.001）。
我们的研究结果表明，女性和 65 岁及以上人群的膳食钙摄入不足患病率较高。我们主张针对这些人群实施有针对性的公共卫生策略，以确保摄入足够的膳食钙。
