Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Vet Res. 2024 Oct 26;20(1):487. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04304-4.
Our work evaluated the possible underlying roles of dietary dried seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa; GV) on the inherent immune response, antioxidant capacity, immune-related gene expression, and protection of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) contra white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Three hundred and sixty healthy L. vannamei (15.26 g ± 1.29 g) were graded into four supplemental groups ( Triplicate/group) and fed with diets including 0 (control), 2, 4, and 8 g GV (kg diet) for 21 days. Following the feeding period, each group of shrimp received an intramuscular WSSV injection (1.4 × 10 copies/ml). Hemolymph and gills samples were collected before and after the challenge with WSSV. Notably, the administration of dietary GV significantly enhanced the innate immune parameters of pacific white shrimp including total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis, phenoloxidase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lysozyme activity before and after challenge with WSSV. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 4, and 8 g of GV (kg diet) remarkably elevated ACP, AKP, SOD, GPx, and catalase activities along with a decrease in the MDA level in gills of shrimp before and post-WSSV challenge. In response to the GV supplement, significant upregulation of expression of ALF1, CRU1, PEN4, and CTL with downregulation of TRAF6, STAT, TLR1, and NOS genes was recorded in the gills tissue before and post-challenge with WSSV, especially at a dose of 8.0 GV g kg . Dietary inoculated shrimp with GV revealed notably higher survival percentages after being challenged with WSSV. Conclusively, these data indicate that Gracilaria verrucosa can be recommended as a valuable supplemented seaweed to stimulate the innate immunity and enhance the health of Litopenaeus vannamei against viral infection.
我们的工作评估了食用干海藻（石花菜；GV）对固有免疫反应、抗氧化能力、免疫相关基因表达和保护凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）对抗白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）的潜在作用。将 360 只健康的凡纳滨对虾（15.26g±1.29g）分为四组（每组 3 个重复），并分别投喂包括 0（对照）、2、4 和 8g GV（kg 饲料）的饲料 21 天。在喂养期结束后，每组虾都接受了肌肉内 WSSV 注射（1.4×10 拷贝/ml）。在 WSSV 攻毒前后采集虾的血淋巴和鳃样本。值得注意的是，GV 的饮食管理显著增强了凡纳滨对虾的先天免疫参数，包括总血细胞计数（THC）、吞噬作用、酚氧化酶活性、活性氧（ROS）产生和溶菌酶活性，在 WSSV 攻毒前后均有提高。此外，饮食补充 4 和 8g GV（kg 饲料）显著提高了 ACP、AKP、SOD、GPx 和过氧化氢酶的活性，并降低了 WSSV 攻毒前后虾鳃中的 MDA 水平。在 GV 补充的情况下，在 WSSV 攻毒前后，虾的鳃组织中记录到 ALF1、CRU1、PEN4 和 CTL 的表达显著上调，而 TRAF6、STAT、TLR1 和 NOS 基因的表达下调，特别是在 8.0GVgkg 的剂量下。投喂 GV 的虾在受到 WSSV 攻毒后，存活率明显提高。总之，这些数据表明，石花菜可以作为一种有价值的补充海藻，刺激凡纳滨对虾的先天免疫，增强其对病毒感染的健康水平。
