Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 09230, Mexico.
Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04360, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 11;25(20):10959. doi: 10.3390/ijms252010959.
Diabetes is a metabolic disease with a high worldwide prevalence and an important factor in mortality and disability in the population. Complications can be reduced or prevented with lifestyle changes in physical activity, dietary habits, and smoking cessation. High-protein diets (HPDs, >30% or >1.0 g/Kg/day) decrease hyperglycemia in part due to their content of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), mainly leucine. Leucine (and other BCAAs) improve glucose metabolism by directly signaling in the medio-basal hypothalamus (MBH), increasing liver insulin sensitivity. To determine the effectiveness of an HPD to lower hyperglycemia, we analyzed the results of published clinical studies focusing on the levels of fasting plasma glucose and/or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We carried out a systematic search for clinical studies using HPDs. We searched five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane), collecting 179 articles and finally selecting 8 articles to analyze their results. In conclusion, HPDs are an effective alternative to reduce hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM, especially so-called Paleolithic diets, due to their higher-quality protein from animal and vegetal sources and their exclusion of grains, dairy products, salt, refined fats, and added sugars.
糖尿病是一种代谢性疾病，在全球范围内患病率很高，是导致人群死亡率和残疾率的重要因素。通过改变生活方式，如增加身体活动、改善饮食习惯和戒烟，可以减少或预防并发症。高蛋白饮食（HPD，>30%或>1.0 g/Kg/天）可降低高血糖，部分原因是其支链氨基酸（BCAA）含量较高，主要是亮氨酸。亮氨酸（和其他支链氨基酸）通过直接在中基底下丘脑（MBH）发出信号，增加肝脏胰岛素敏感性，改善葡萄糖代谢。为了确定高蛋白饮食降低高血糖的有效性，我们分析了已发表的临床研究结果，这些研究主要关注 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的空腹血糖和/或糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平。我们使用 HPD 进行了系统的临床研究搜索。我们在五个数据库（Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed、Epistemonikos 和 Cochrane）中搜索了 179 篇文章，最终选择了 8 篇文章来分析其结果。总之，高蛋白饮食是降低 T2DM 患者高血糖的有效方法，特别是所谓的旧石器时代饮食，因为它们的动物和植物来源的高质量蛋白质以及它们排除了谷物、乳制品、盐、精制脂肪和添加糖。
