College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 19;25(20):11265. doi: 10.3390/ijms252011265.
Propolis is a sticky substance produced by honeybees () through the collection of plant resins, which they mix with secretions from their palate and wax glands. Propolis can inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis, thereby reducing the proliferation of tumor cells and inducing cell apoptosis. Previous research has shown that propolis has an inhibitory effect on skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells. Nevertheless, its inhibitory mechanism is unclear because of many significantly different Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways between the ethanol extract of the propolis (EEP) group and the control group of cells. In this study, the main components of EEP and the antitumor mechanism at an IC of 29.04 μg/mL EEP were determined via untargeted metabolomics determined using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‒MS/MS), respectively. The results revealed 43 polyphenolic components in the EEP and 1052 metabolites, with 160 significantly upregulated and 143 significantly downregulated metabolites between cells treated with EEP and solvent. The KEGG enrichment results revealed that EEP significantly inhibited A431 cell proliferation via the steroid hormone biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism pathways. These findings may provide valuable insights for the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
蜂胶是由蜜蜂（）通过收集植物树脂，并与它们的腭和蜡腺分泌物混合而成的粘性物质。蜂胶可以抑制肿瘤的侵袭和转移，从而减少肿瘤细胞的增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。先前的研究表明，蜂胶对皮肤鳞状细胞癌 A431 细胞具有抑制作用。然而，由于蜂胶的乙醇提取物（EEP）组和细胞对照组之间有许多京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）途径存在显著差异，因此其抑制机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，通过使用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法（UHPLC-MS/MS）进行非靶向代谢组学分析，确定了 EEP 的主要成分和在 29.04 μg/mL EEP 的 IC 下的抗肿瘤机制。结果显示，EEP 中含有 43 种多酚成分和 1052 种代谢物，EEP 处理的细胞与溶剂处理的细胞之间有 160 种明显上调和 143 种明显下调的代谢物。KEGG 富集结果表明，EEP 通过甾体激素生物合成和亚油酸代谢途径显著抑制 A431 细胞的增殖。这些发现可能为开发治疗皮肤鳞状细胞癌的靶向治疗方法提供有价值的见解。
