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巴西的行为偏差与司法决策

Behavioral Biases and Judicial Decision-Making in Brazil.

作者信息

Tabak Benjamin Miranda, Meira Liziane Angelotti, Dos Santos Araujo Ana Clarissa Masuko, Garcia Aline Guiotti

机构信息

Getulio Vargas Foundation, School of Public Policy and Government (FGV/EPPG), Brasilia 70830-020, Brazil.

出版信息

Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Oct 10;14(10):922. doi: 10.3390/bs14100922.

Abstract

We identify and present Brazil's most common behavioral and heuristic biases in judicial decision-making. Through bibliographic and specific cases, we notice the occurrence of the representativeness heuristic, availability heuristic, anchoring heuristic (anchoring effect), confirmation bias, and affect heuristic bias in Brazilian judicial decisions. We also present the current state of Brazilian legislation and its amendments that aim at impartiality in the production, the assessment of evidence, and the judge's conviction. Finally, we present the suggestions and initiatives that aim to mitigate biases and heuristics in judicial decision-making in Brazil, especially with awareness techniques, the replacement of judges by algorithms, and the review of judicial decisions by collegiate bodies.

摘要

我们识别并呈现了巴西司法决策中最常见的行为和启发式偏差。通过文献资料和具体案例,我们注意到代表性启发式、可得性启发式、锚定启发式(锚定效应)、确认偏差和情感启发式偏差在巴西司法判决中的出现。我们还介绍了巴西立法的现状及其修正案,这些立法旨在确保证据的产生、评估以及法官定罪的公正性。最后,我们提出了旨在减轻巴西司法决策中偏差和启发式的建议及举措,特别是通过认知技术、用算法取代法官以及由合议庭对司法判决进行审查。

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本文引用的文献

1
Predicting Brazilian Court Decisions.预测巴西法院的判决。
PeerJ Comput Sci. 2022 Mar 25;8:e904. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.904. eCollection 2022.
3
JUSTFAIR: Judicial System Transparency through Federal Archive Inferred Records.公正透明联邦档案推断记录司法系统。
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 26;15(10):e0241381. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241381. eCollection 2020.
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Why Heuristics Work.启发法为何有效。
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2008 Jan;3(1):20-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00058.x.
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Overlooked factors in the analysis of parole decisions.假释决定分析中被忽视的因素。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Oct 18;108(42):E833; author reply E834. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1110910108. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
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Extraneous factors in judicial decisions.司法决策中的外来因素。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 26;108(17):6889-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1018033108. Epub 2011 Apr 11.
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Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.《不确定性下的判断:启发式与偏差》
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