地中海饮食与 65 岁以上人群血管僵硬、代谢综合征及其成分的关系。

The Relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and Vascular Stiffness, Metabolic Syndrome, and Its Components in People over 65 Years of Age.

机构信息

Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Centro de Salud de San Juan, Avenida Portugal 83, 2º Planta, 37005 Salamanca, Spain.

Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario de La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2024 Oct 12;16(20):3464. doi: 10.3390/nu16203464.

DOI:10.3390/nu16203464

PMID:39458459

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11510127/

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and vascular stiffness and metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as its components in individuals over the age of 65, overall and by sex.

METHODS

The subjects of the study were people over 65 years of age, with a full record of all variables analyzed from the EVA, MARK, and EVIDENT studies. Data from 1280 subjects with a mean age of 69.52 ± 3.58 years (57.5% men) were analyzed. The MD was recorded with the validated 14 item MEDAS questionnaire. MetS was defined following the guidelines of the joint scientific statement from the Programa Nacional de Educación sobre el Colesterol III. Vascular stiffness was evaluated with the VaSera VS-1500 device by measuring the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).

RESULTS

The mean MEDAS score was 6.00 ± 1.90, (5.92 ± 1.92 in males, 6.11 ± 1.88 in females; = 0.036). CAVI: 9.30 ± 1.11 (9.49 ± 1.05 males, 9.03 ± 1.13 females; = <0.001). baPWV: 15.82 ± 2.56 (15.75 ± 2.46 males, 15.92 ± 2.68 females; = <0.001). MetS was found in 51% (49% males, 54% females; = 0.036). Subjects with MetS had lower MD adherence and higher vascular stiffness values than subjects without MetS. Overall, we found a negative association with MD score and the number of MetS components (β = -0.168), with glycemia (β = -0.007), triglycerides (β = -0.003), waist circumference (β = -0.018), CAVI (β = -0.196) and baPWV (β = -0.065), and a positive association with HDL cholesterol (β = 0.013). Regarding sex, associations followed the same direction but without reaching statistical significance with blood glucose and triglycerides in females and with HDL cholesterol and waist circumference in males.

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicate that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreases vascular stiffness and the percentage of subjects with MetS, although results differed in the association with MetS components by sex.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在探讨 65 岁以上人群地中海饮食（MD）与血管僵硬和代谢综合征（MetS）及其各组分之间的关系，并分别按性别进行分析。

方法

本研究的对象为年龄在 65 岁以上、EVA、MARK 和 EVIDENT 研究中所有变量记录完整的人群。共分析了 1280 名平均年龄为 69.52 ± 3.58 岁（57.5%为男性）的受试者的数据。采用经过验证的 14 项 MEDAS 问卷记录 MD。MetS 按照 Programa Nacional de Educación sobre el Colesterol III 的联合科学声明进行定义。血管僵硬通过测量脉波传导速度（baPWV）和心踝血管指数（CAVI）来评估，使用 VaSera VS-1500 设备进行评估。

结果

平均 MEDAS 评分为 6.00 ± 1.90（男性 5.92 ± 1.92，女性 6.11 ± 1.88； = 0.036）。CAVI：9.30 ± 1.11（男性 9.49 ± 1.05，女性 9.03 ± 1.13； <0.001）。baPWV：15.82 ± 2.56（男性 15.75 ± 2.46，女性 15.92 ± 2.68； <0.001）。MetS 检出率为 51%（男性 49%，女性 54%； = 0.036）。与无 MetS 者相比，有 MetS 者 MD 评分和血管僵硬值较低。总体而言，我们发现 MD 评分与 MetS 各组分的数量呈负相关（β = -0.168），与血糖（β = -0.007）、甘油三酯（β = -0.003）、腰围（β = -0.018）、CAVI（β = -0.196）和 baPWV（β = -0.065）呈负相关，与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（β = 0.013）呈正相关。按性别分层后，相关性的方向相同，但女性的血糖和甘油三酯以及男性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和腰围与 MetS 组分的相关性无统计学意义。