Meng Shengnan, Li Luonan, Yin Shijie, Zhao Yuxuan, Liu Yaning, Zhang Yuxi, Zhang Xiaolin, Yu Fengxue
School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Jun 21;17(1):237. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01801-w.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with dietary habits and the gut microbiota. The dietary index for the gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a newly proposed index that reflects gut microbial diversity based on dietary intake. However, its relationship with NAFLD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between DI-GM and the risk of NAFLD.
In this cross-sectional study, we utilized data from the NHANES 2009-2018. Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline curves (RCS), subgroup analysis, and mediation analysis were used to evaluate the association between DI-GM and the risk of NAFLD.
A total of 4,923 participants were included in the study. According to the fully adjusted model, a significant inverse association was observed between DI-GM and NAFLD (OR = 0.883, 95% CI: 0.835-0.932, P < 0.001). After stratification by quartiles, compared with participants in the first quartile of DI-GM score, those in the fourth quartile had a 36.5% lower odds of developing NAFLD (OR = 0.635, 95% CI: 0.481-0.839, P = 0.002). Mediation analysis revealed that 72.69% of the association between DI-GM and NAFLD was mediated by BMI (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis suggested that the association between DI-GM and NAFLD might be influenced by race (P for interaction < 0.05). RCS analysis revealed a linear correlation between DI-GM and NAFLD (P for nonlinear = 0.883).
DI-GM is negatively associated with NAFLD risk, with BMI mediating this relationship and race being a significant influencing factor.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）与饮食习惯和肠道微生物群密切相关。肠道微生物群饮食指数（DI-GM）是一项新提出的基于饮食摄入反映肠道微生物多样性的指数。然而，其与NAFLD的关系仍不明确。本研究旨在探讨DI-GM与NAFLD风险之间的关联。
在这项横断面研究中，我们使用了2009 - 2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据。采用多变量逻辑回归、受限立方样条曲线（RCS）、亚组分析和中介分析来评估DI-GM与NAFLD风险之间的关联。
本研究共纳入4923名参与者。根据完全调整模型，观察到DI-GM与NAFLD之间存在显著的负相关（OR = 0.883，95% CI：0.835 - 0.932，P < 0.001）。按四分位数分层后，与DI-GM得分第一四分位数的参与者相比，第四四分位数的参与者发生NAFLD的几率低36.5%（OR = 0.635，95% CI：0.481 - 0.839，P = 0.002）。中介分析显示，DI-GM与NAFLD之间72.69%的关联由体重指数（BMI）介导（P < 0.001）。亚组分析表明，DI-GM与NAFLD之间的关联可能受种族影响（交互作用P < 0.05）。RCS分析显示DI-GM与NAFLD之间存在线性相关性（非线性P = 0.883）。
DI-GM与NAFLD风险呈负相关，BMI介导了这种关系，种族是一个重要影响因素。
