Jatkauskas Jonas, Vrotniakiene Vilma, Amaral Rafael Camargo do, Witt Kristian Lybek, Cappellozza Bruno Leda
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania.
Animal Biosolutions Business Unit, Novonesis, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 16;13(20):2894. doi: 10.3390/plants13202894.
Despite efforts to prevent atypical ensiling conditions, such as delayed ensiling or sealing, these issues frequently occur in practice. This study aimed to investigate the effects of delayed ensiling (forage held for 24 h) and sealing, along with inoculation using a blend of and , on the characteristics of the resulting silages. Whole-plant maize ( L.) was treated with or without a commercial inoculant and ensiled (36% dry matter) for 60 days in 3.0 L glass containers. The forage was either ensiled immediately or subjected to a 24 h delay before ensiling. During the delay, the forage was either covered or left uncovered. Each treatment was replicated five times. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS statistical software (version 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Delaying the ensiling process by 24 h worsens fermentation parameters, significantly increases dry matter (DM) losses ( < 0.01), and significantly reduces aerobic stability and the hygienic quality of the silage ( < 0.01), as evidenced by higher concentrations of undesirable fermentation products and elevated yeast and mold counts. The inoculation has a significant impact on both forage before ensiling and the characteristics of the resulting silage. Maize forage treated with inoculant showed a lower temperature increase by 8.2-8.1 °C ( < 0.01) when delayed for 24 h before ensiling. In silages, it also resulted in a reduced pH ( < 0.01); increased concentrations of lactic acid; acetic acid; and 1,2-propanediol ( < 0.01); and decreased levels of negative fermentation indicators such as ammonia-N, alcohols, and butyric acid ( < 0.01) During both the fermentation and aerobic exposure periods, inoculated silages exhibited up to 36% and 2.6 times lower ( < 0.01) dry matter loss, while suppressing the growth of yeasts and molds by up to 2.6 and 3.1 times ( < 0.01), respectively, compared to non-inoculated silages. The results of this study support the recommendation to minimize the duration of aerobic exposure of fresh forage during silo filling and to use LAB-based inoculants.
尽管人们努力预防诸如青贮延迟或密封不当等非典型青贮条件，但这些问题在实际操作中仍经常出现。本研究旨在调查青贮延迟（草料存放24小时）、密封以及使用[两种物质名称未给出]混合物接种对青贮饲料特性的影响。全株玉米（品种未给出）在有或没有商业接种剂的情况下进行处理，并在3.0升玻璃容器中以36%干物质含量青贮60天。草料要么立即青贮，要么在青贮前延迟24小时。在延迟期间，草料要么覆盖要么不覆盖。每个处理重复五次。所有数据使用SAS统计软件（版本9.4；SAS Institute Inc.，美国北卡罗来纳州卡里）的MIXED程序进行分析。将青贮过程延迟24小时会使发酵参数变差，显著增加干物质（DM）损失（P<0.01），并显著降低青贮饲料的有氧稳定性和卫生质量（P<0.01），这表现为不良发酵产物浓度更高以及酵母和霉菌数量增加。接种对青贮前的草料和青贮饲料的特性都有显著影响。在青贮前延迟24小时时，用接种剂处理的玉米草料温度升高降低了8.2 - 8.1°C（P<0.01）。在青贮饲料中，接种还导致pH值降低（P<0.01）；乳酸、乙酸和1,2 - 丙二醇浓度增加（P<0.01）；以及氨态氮、醇类和丁酸等负面发酵指标水平降低（P<0.01）。在发酵期和好氧暴露期，与未接种的青贮饲料相比，接种的青贮饲料干物质损失分别降低了高达36%和2.6倍（P<0.01），同时酵母和霉菌的生长分别被抑制了高达2.6倍和3.1倍（P<0.01）。本研究结果支持在青贮料装填过程中尽量缩短新鲜草料有氧暴露时间并使用基于乳酸菌的接种剂的建议。
