Pacheco Javier de Mena, Palacios Tomas, Hempel Marek, Vallejo Marisa Lopez
IPTC, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
MTL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Micromachines (Basel). 2024 Sep 26;15(10):1193. doi: 10.3390/mi15101193.
Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) can be an excellent means of converting a magnitude into a readable value. However, their design becomes a real challenge for power-and-area-constrained applications, especially when a linear response is required. This paper presents a VCO for smart dust systems fabricated by 65 nm technology. It is designed to minimize leakage, limit high peak currents and provide an output whose frequency variation is linear with the input voltage, while allowing rail-to-rail input range swing. The oscillator occupies 592 μm2, operates in a frequency range from 43 to 53 Hz and consumes a maximum average power of 210 pW at a supply voltage of 1 V and 4 pW at 0.3 V. In addition, the proposed VCO exhibits a quasi-linear response of frequency vs. supply voltage and temperature, allowing easy temperature compensation with complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) voltage.
压控振荡器（VCO）可以是将幅值转换为可读值的极佳方式。然而，对于功率和面积受限的应用而言，其设计成为一项真正的挑战，尤其是在需要线性响应时。本文介绍了一款采用65纳米技术制造的用于智能尘埃系统的VCO。其设计旨在使泄漏最小化，限制高峰值电流，并提供一种输出，该输出的频率变化与输入电压呈线性关系，同时允许轨到轨输入范围摆动。该振荡器占用面积为592平方微米，工作频率范围为43至53赫兹，在1伏电源电压下最大平均功耗为210皮瓦，在0.3伏时为4皮瓦。此外，所提出的VCO呈现出频率与电源电压及温度的准线性响应，允许通过与绝对温度互补（CTAT）电压进行轻松的温度补偿。
