Shi Yuzhuo, Xue Xufeng, Wang Beibei, Hao Kun, Chai Haoyi
College of Information Technology, Tianjin College of Commerce, Tianjin 300350, China.
School of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Oct 16;24(20):6661. doi: 10.3390/s24206661.
Currently, underwater sensor networks are extensively applied for environmental monitoring, disaster prediction, etc. Nevertheless, owing to the complicacy of the underwater environment, the limited energy of underwater sensor nodes, and the high latency of hydroacoustic channels, the energy-efficient operation of underwater sensor networks has become an important challenge. In this paper, a high-efficiency clustering routing protocol in AUV-assisted underwater sensor networks (HECRA) is proposed to address the energy limitations and low data transmission reliability in underwater sensor networks. The protocol optimizes the cluster head selection strategy of the traditional low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol by introducing the residual energy and node degree in the cluster head selection phase and performs some optimizations in the cluster formation and data transmission phases, including selecting clusters for joining by ordinary nodes based on the residual energy of the cluster head nodes and weight computation based on the depth and residual energy of the cluster head nodes to select the optimal message forwarding nodes. In addition, this paper introduces an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) as a dynamic relay node to improve network transmission efficiency. According to the simulation results, compared with the existing LEACH, the energy efficient routing protocol based on layers and unequal clusters in underwater wireless sensor networks (EERBLC) and energy-efficient clustering multi-hop routing protocol in a UWSN (EECMR), the HECRA significantly improves network lifetime, the residual node energy, and the number of successfully transmitted packets, which can effectively prolong network lifetime and ensure efficient data transmission.
目前，水下传感器网络被广泛应用于环境监测、灾害预测等领域。然而，由于水下环境的复杂性、水下传感器节点能量有限以及水声信道的高延迟，水下传感器网络的节能运行已成为一项重要挑战。本文提出了一种AUV辅助水下传感器网络中的高效聚类路由协议（HECRA），以解决水下传感器网络中的能量限制和数据传输可靠性低的问题。该协议通过在簇头选择阶段引入剩余能量和节点度，优化了传统低能量自适应聚类分层协议（LEACH）的簇头选择策略，并在簇形成和数据传输阶段进行了一些优化，包括普通节点根据簇头节点的剩余能量选择加入的簇，以及基于簇头节点的深度和剩余能量进行权重计算以选择最优消息转发节点。此外，本文引入自主水下航行器（AUV）作为动态中继节点，以提高网络传输效率。根据仿真结果，与现有的LEACH、水下无线传感器网络中基于分层和不等簇的节能路由协议（EERBLC）以及水下无线传感器网络中的节能聚类多跳路由协议（EECMR）相比，HECRA显著提高了网络寿命、剩余节点能量和成功传输数据包的数量，能够有效延长网络寿命并确保高效的数据传输。
