Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2024;209:101-125. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.001. Epub 2024 Mar 22.
Cancer vaccines are expected to be next breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. In cancer vaccines, adjuvants play an important role by enhancing and reshaping tumor antigen-specific immune responses. Failures in previous cancer vaccine clinical trials can be attributed to inappropriate selection and design of tumor antigens and adjuvants. Using basic theories of tumor immunology, the development of sequencing technology and nanotechnology enables the creation of cancer vaccines through appropriate selection of tumor antigens and adjuvants and their nanoscale assembly based on the specific characteristics of each tumor. In this chapter, we begin by discussing the various types of cancer vaccines and categories of tumor antigens. Then, we summarize the classification of adjuvants for cancer vaccines, including immunostimulatory molecules and delivery systems, and clarify the various factors that influence the properties of adjuvants, such as chemical composition, structure, and surface modification. Finally, we provide perspectives and insights on rational design of adjuvants in cancer vaccines to enhance their efficacy.
癌症疫苗有望成为癌症免疫治疗的下一个突破。在癌症疫苗中，佐剂通过增强和重塑肿瘤抗原特异性免疫反应发挥着重要作用。以前癌症疫苗临床试验的失败可以归因于肿瘤抗原和佐剂的选择和设计不当。利用肿瘤免疫学的基本理论、测序技术和纳米技术的发展，通过适当选择肿瘤抗原和佐剂，并根据每个肿瘤的特定特征对其进行纳米级组装，可开发出癌症疫苗。在本章中，我们首先讨论了各种类型的癌症疫苗和肿瘤抗原类别。然后，我们总结了癌症疫苗佐剂的分类，包括免疫刺激分子和递送系统，并阐明了影响佐剂特性的各种因素，如化学组成、结构和表面修饰。最后，我们对癌症疫苗佐剂的合理设计提供了一些观点和见解，以增强其疗效。
