2002 - 2021年缓刑期成年人的就业与心理健康
Employment and mental health for adults on probation, 2002-2021.
作者信息
Morrison Maria, Hai Audrey Hang, Bandaru Yohita Shraddha, Salas-Wright Christopher P, Vaughn Michael G
机构信息
Saint Louis University, School of Social Work, 1 North Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
Tulane University, School of Social Work, 127 Elk Place, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
出版信息
J Public Health (Oxf). 2025 Feb 28;47(1):e11-e19. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae284.
BACKGROUND
The 21st century has seen a decline in employment rates in the US at the same time that it has experienced a historically unprecedented rise in the numbers of adults under criminal justice system control. Both low employment and high incarceration have posed serious challenges for public health.
METHODS
Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2002-2021, we estimated employment rates by community supervision status. Variations by sociodemographic subgroups were explored as well as correlations between employment and a range of mental and behavioural health variables.
RESULTS
Those on probation were twice as likely as those not to live in poverty. They experienced higher rates of poor mental and behavioural health, including three times the rate of substance use. Employment rates varied little by community supervision status. Health risk factors were associated with more risk and protective factors did less to mitigate risk for those under community supervision.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the range of adversities faced by individuals under criminal justice system control, their employment rates are remarkably close to those not. Despite near equivalent involvement in the labour force, this population has substantially poorer health and substantially reduced likelihood of escaping poverty.
背景
在21世纪，美国的就业率有所下降，与此同时，受刑事司法系统管控的成年人数量却经历了前所未有的历史性增长。低就业率和高监禁率都给公共卫生带来了严峻挑战。
方法
利用2002年至2021年全国药物使用和健康调查的数据，我们按社区监管状况估算了就业率。探讨了社会人口亚组的差异以及就业与一系列心理和行为健康变量之间的相关性。
结果
缓刑人员生活在贫困中的可能性是未缓刑人员的两倍。他们出现心理和行为健康问题的比率更高，包括药物使用比率是未缓刑人员的三倍。就业率在不同社区监管状况下变化不大。健康风险因素与更多风险相关，而保护因素对减轻社区监管人员的风险作用较小。
结论
尽管受刑事司法系统管控的个人面临种种逆境，但他们的就业率与未受管控的人非常接近。尽管在劳动力参与方面几乎相当，但这一人群的健康状况明显较差，摆脱贫困的可能性也大幅降低。
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