Omrani Ehsan Mehdizadeh, Nazari Fakhroddin
Faculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, 4616849767, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 27;14(1):25601. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77559-4.
This paper introduces a new sensing approach utilizing a solid-solid phononic crystal (PnC) channel drop filter structure for the detection of varying molar fractions of Ethyl lactate within a mixture of Ethyl lactate and 2-butoxy ethanol. The sensor features a two-dimensional PnC constructed from poly methyl methacrylate as the background material, incorporating a regular arrangement of circular Tungsten columns. The design integrates a bus waveguide linked to two interconnected ring resonators, which are coupled to a drop waveguide. Each ring resonator is equipped with three strategically positioned pillars near the coupling region, allowing for the accommodation of varying concentrations of Ethyl lactate. The sensor's performance is significantly influenced by the ring resonators and the integrated pillars. It identifies specific resonance frequencies that shift in response to changes in Ethyl lactate concentrations within the resonators. The transmission resonance frequency exhibits valuable sensitivity to these concentration variations, reflecting the unique sound velocities and mass densities associated with each level of Ethyl lactate. The effectiveness of the proposed sensor is validated through coupled mode theory, demonstrating a close match with the device's observed behavior. The measured frequency range spans from 1.972 MHz to 1.979 MHz with a step size of 1 Hz. Notably, the sensor displays considerable characteristics, including an average quality factor of 90,613, an average sensitivity of 3816 Hz, an average figure of merit of 172, an average signal-to-noise ratio of 137, an average resolution of 22 Hz, an average damping ratio of 0.56 × 10, and an average limit of detection of 34 × 10. These results underscore the potential of the channel drop filter for the accurate detection of Ethyl lactate concentrations with high quality factor and sensitivity. The sensor can effectively identify variations in Ethyl lactate levels, which are prevalent in various applications, including pharmaceuticals and food additives.
本文介绍了一种新的传感方法，该方法利用固-固声子晶体（PnC）通道下降滤波器结构来检测乳酸乙酯和2-丁氧基乙醇混合物中不同摩尔分数的乳酸乙酯。该传感器具有由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为背景材料构建的二维PnC，其中包含规则排列的圆形钨柱。该设计集成了一个连接到两个相互连接的环形谐振器的总线波导，这两个环形谐振器与一个下降波导耦合。每个环形谐振器在耦合区域附近配备有三个经过策略性定位的支柱，以适应不同浓度的乳酸乙酯。传感器的性能受到环形谐振器和集成支柱的显著影响。它识别出特定的共振频率，这些频率会随着谐振器内乳酸乙酯浓度的变化而移动。传输共振频率对这些浓度变化表现出有价值的灵敏度，反映了与每个乳酸乙酯水平相关的独特声速和质量密度。通过耦合模理论验证了所提出传感器的有效性，证明与器件的观察行为密切匹配。测量的频率范围为1.972 MHz至1.979 MHz，步长为1 Hz。值得注意的是，该传感器显示出相当可观的特性，包括平均品质因数为90613、平均灵敏度为3816 Hz、平均品质因数为172、平均信噪比为137、平均分辨率为22 Hz、平均阻尼比为0.56×10以及平均检测限为34×10。这些结果强调了通道下降滤波器在高质量因数和灵敏度下准确检测乳酸乙酯浓度的潜力。该传感器可以有效地识别乳酸乙酯水平的变化，这在包括制药和食品添加剂在内的各种应用中都很普遍。
