Wang Ping, Liu Shuli, Kong Ling Min, Qi Nannan
Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2024 Oct 22;16:1713-1723. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S477435. eCollection 2024.
Childhood obesity has become a global pandemic, leading to a range of diseases. Childhood obesity appears to be associated with an increased prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep apnea is an inestimable risk factor for thrombosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy and many other diseases. Therefore, exploring the relationship between childhood obesity and sleep apnea syndrome will help to understand the potential link between the two and provide research directions for future disease prevention and treatment. However, no studies have confirmed whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and sleep apnea syndrome.
The IEU OpenGWAS project provided the GWAS-aggregated data for childhood obesity and sleep apnea syndrome. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main method to evaluate the causal relationship between childhood obesity and sleep apnea syndrome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were regarded as instrumental variables, and the screening threshold was P <5.0×10. Leave-one-out method was performed to confirm the robustness of the results.
IVW analysis confirmed a causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to childhood obesity and an increased risk of sleep apnea syndrome [odds ratio (OR)=1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.23, P=0.016]. However, two-sample MR results also showed no causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to sleep apnea syndrome and an increased risk of childhood obesity (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 0.95-2.38, P=0.083). The intercept of MR-Egger regression was close to 0, which implies that there are no confounding factors in the analysis to affect the results of two-sample MR analysis. The leave-one-out results show that the bidirectional two-sample MR analysis results were robust.
There is a causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to childhood obesity and increased risk of sleep apnea syndrome. People with a history of childhood obesity should pay more attention to physical examination to early prevention and management of sleep apnea syndrome.
儿童肥胖已成为全球性流行病，会引发一系列疾病。儿童肥胖似乎与睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患病率增加有关。睡眠呼吸暂停是血栓形成、高血压、心肌病及许多其他疾病的一个不可估量的危险因素。因此，探究儿童肥胖与睡眠呼吸暂停综合征之间的关系将有助于了解两者之间的潜在联系，并为未来疾病的预防和治疗提供研究方向。然而，尚无研究证实儿童肥胖与睡眠呼吸暂停综合征之间是否存在因果关系。
IEU OpenGWAS项目提供了儿童肥胖和睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）汇总数据。采用逆方差加权（IVW）作为评估儿童肥胖与睡眠呼吸暂停综合征之间因果关系的主要方法。单核苷酸多态性（SNP）被视为工具变量，筛选阈值为P<5.0×10。采用留一法来确认结果的稳健性。
IVW分析证实儿童肥胖的遗传易感性与睡眠呼吸暂停综合征风险增加之间存在因果关系[比值比（OR）=1.12，95%置信区间（CI）：1.02-1.23，P=0.016]。然而，两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）结果也显示睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的遗传易感性与儿童肥胖风险增加之间不存在因果关系（OR=1.50，95%CI：0.95-2.38，P=0.083）。MR-Egger回归的截距接近0，这意味着分析中不存在混杂因素影响两样本MR分析的结果。留一法结果表明双向两样本MR分析结果具有稳健性。
儿童肥胖的遗传易感性与睡眠呼吸暂停综合征风险增加之间存在因果关系。有儿童肥胖病史的人应更加重视体检，以便早期预防和管理睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。
