Maleki Tahereh, Baigi Vali, Safari Negin, Sharif-Alhoseini Mahdi
Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2024 Oct 19;13(1):e12. doi: 10.22037/aaem.v13i1.2391. eCollection 2025.
Head injuries (HI) pose a significant public health concern globally, impacting morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and trends associated with head injuries in Iran from 1990 to 2019.
Our study, based on data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2019, undertook a comprehensive comparison of the burden of HI in Iran with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and global benchmarks. We assessed the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLD) through various metrics, including absolute numbers, age-standardized rates (ASR), percentage changes, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) from 1990 to 2019.
The incidence of HI in Iran decreased significantly from 1990 to 2019, with a notable reduction compared to MENA and global trends (EAPC: -1.44, 0.71, and -0.11, respectively). Prevalence showed a declining trend (EAPC: -1.00), with a slight increase in YLDs (EAPC: 0.12). Notable peaks in HI incidence coincided with natural disasters, notably the 1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake and the 2003 Bam earthquake.
Our study reveals a decline in the overall burden of HI in Iran over the study period. To sustain this positive trend and minimize the impact of HI on public health and socioeconomic well-being, policy efforts should be directed toward ongoing prevention, early detection, and preparedness for natural disasters.
头部损伤（HI）在全球范围内构成了重大的公共卫生问题，影响着发病率、死亡率和经济负担。本研究旨在评估1990年至2019年伊朗与头部损伤相关的流行病学及趋势。
我们的研究基于《2019年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究》的数据，对伊朗头部损伤的负担与中东和北非（MENA）以及全球基准进行了全面比较。我们通过各种指标评估了发病率、患病率和伤残调整生命年（YLD），包括绝对数、年龄标准化率（ASR）、百分比变化以及1990年至2019年的估计年百分比变化（EAPC）。
1990年至2019年，伊朗头部损伤的发病率显著下降，与中东和北非以及全球趋势相比有明显降低（EAPC分别为-1.44、0.71和-0.11）。患病率呈下降趋势（EAPC：-1.00），伤残调整生命年略有增加（EAPC：0.12）。头部损伤发病率的显著峰值与自然灾害同时出现，特别是1990年的曼吉尔-鲁德巴尔地震和2003年的巴姆地震。
我们的研究表明，在研究期间伊朗头部损伤的总体负担有所下降。为维持这一积极趋势并将头部损伤对公众健康和社会经济福祉的影响降至最低，政策应致力于持续预防、早期发现以及应对自然灾害的准备工作。
