全球、区域和国家胃食管反流病负担，1990-2019 年：来自 GBD 2019 研究的更新。

BACKGROUND: Because trends in the epidemiology and burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are changing, reinvestigating the geographical differences and trend changes is essential. Here we evaluated the latest epidemiologic patterns and trends for GERD, using data from Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. METHODS: Annual case numbers, age-standardized rates of prevalence, incidence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and their estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) for GERD between 1990 and 2019 were derived from the GBD 2019 study. Association between GERD burden and socio-demographic index (SDI) was also investigated. RESULTS: In 2019, there were 783.95 million cases of GERD globally. Between 1990 and 2019, the total number of prevalent cases, incident cases, and YLDs increased by 77.53%, 74.79%, and 77.19%, respectively. The global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) increased during this period (EAPC = 0.06 and 0.05, respectively). Tropical Latin America and East Asia had the highest and lowest age-standardiZed prevalence rate (ASPR), ASIR, and ASYR in 2019, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, prevalent cases, incident cases, YLDs, and their corresponding age-standardized rates of GERD were higher in females than males in all years. Higher SDI was associated with lower ASPR, ASIR, and ASYR of GERD in 2019. CONCLUSIONS: GERD will continue to be a major public health burden due to increasing numbers of prevalent cases, incident cases, and YLDs. In order to tackle this troublesome disease, it is crucial to understand the changes in both global and regional trends in epidemiology and the burden for policymakers and other stakeholders. Key messagesThis is the most updated estimate on GERD epidemiology globally, including 204 countries, some of which were not assessed before.The overall burden of GERD continued to worsen with the prevalent cases increasing by 77.53% from 441.57 million in 1990 to 783.95 million in 2019.GERD is likely to remain a common reason for consultation in primary care, and our data may allow for health service provision planning.

背景：由于胃食管反流病（GERD）的流行病学和负担趋势正在发生变化，因此重新调查地理差异和趋势变化至关重要。在这里，我们使用来自全球疾病、伤害和危险因素研究（GBD）2019 年的数据，评估了 GERD 的最新流行病学模式和趋势。

方法：从 GBD 2019 研究中得出了 1990 年至 2019 年期间 GERD 的年发病例数、年龄标准化患病率、发病率和残疾生活年（YLD）以及估计的年百分比变化（EAPC）。还调查了 GERD 负担与社会人口指数（SDI）之间的关联。

结果：2019 年，全球有 7.8395 亿例 GERD 患者。1990 年至 2019 年间，总患病例数、新发病例数和 YLD 分别增加了 77.53%、74.79%和 77.19%。在此期间，全球年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）和年龄标准化 YLD 率（ASYR）均有所上升（EAPC 分别为 0.06 和 0.05）。2019 年，热带拉丁美洲和东亚的年龄标准化患病率（ASPR）、ASIR 和 ASYR 最高和最低。1990 年至 2019 年，女性的 GERD 年龄标准化患病率、发病率、YLD 及其相应率均高于男性。在 2019 年，较高的 SDI 与较低的 GERD 的 ASPR、ASIR 和 ASYR 相关。

结论：由于患病例数、新发病例数和 YLD 增加，GERD 将继续成为主要的公共卫生负担。为了解决这个麻烦的疾病，了解全球和区域流行病学和负担趋势的变化对政策制定者和其他利益相关者来说至关重要。

关键信息：这是关于 GERD 全球流行病学的最新估计，包括 204 个国家，其中一些国家以前没有评估过。1990 年，全球 GERD 总负担为 4.4157 亿例，2019 年增至 7.8395 亿例，呈上升趋势。GERD 可能仍然是初级保健中常见的咨询原因，我们的数据可能允许进行卫生服务规划。