Shamsalinia Abbas, Ghaffari Fatemeh, Dehghan-Nayeri Nahid, Poortaghi Sarieh
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ramsar Nursing Care Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran.
Assistant Professor in Nursing, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran.
PLoS Curr. 2017 Apr 4;9:ecurrents.dis.dd88534c0ab58b02d225709b77c861a0. doi: 10.1371/currents.dis.dd88534c0ab58b02d225709b77c861a0.
Among earthquake survivors, children are more vulnerable than other age groups due to their exposure to harrowing scenes of devastation as well as their drastically new living situations that result from an earthquake disaster. The life process of children survivors undergoes many different changes that are affected by a wide range of factors. Understanding the life process of these children may lead to effective outcomes and interventions. In addition, observing children survivors establishes knowledge and understanding of the challenges that correspond with earthquake disasters. Further, observing this group may be further effective in decision-making and establishing types of assistance in similar circumstances.
This study was done to explain the life process of children who survived the earthquake of Manjil in northern side of Iran. This qualitative study is based on the grounded theory approach. The sampling involved purposive interviews with 12 children who survived the Manjil earthquake and were under 12 years of age at the time of the earthquake. The initial interviews were followed by continuous comparative analysis, and thus the sampling process adopted a theoretical trend. In the end, by the formation of categories and the central variable of the study, interviews were conducted with 16 subjects and sufficient data was provided. Data was collected through face-to-face, in-depth interviews using an interview guide. In order to enrich the categories formed in data analysis, we had also 6 telephone interviews with the same participants in order to complete missed needed information. Data collection began in 2015 and continued up until 2016. Data was analysed using the Strauss-Corbin approach.
The life process of children earthquake survivors consists of 'unexpected encounter', 'transient relief activities' and 'long-lasting consequences'. The central variable of this study is 'the dark shadow of pain and the light shadow of life expectancy'. The life experience of this group of children is immersed in painful memories and varies under different conditions.
According to the results of this study, one of the factors affecting the lives of children earthquake survivors which could threaten their health is providing non-specific and transient services. Training relief staff to consider the specific needs of these children at the time of the rescue operation could contribute to improving their health level in various aspects. Considering the effective and comprehensive rehabilitation program in Disaster Management by policymakers can prevent permanent complications caused by earthquakes. Planning and taking action to identify misbehaviours in this group of children as well as raising public awareness, particularly for parents, on how to manage the outcomes of natural disasters are some of the most significant public health priorities. Providing public mental health services for parents and children who survive an earthquake helps to address potential psychological problems in this group of survivors.
在地震幸存者中，儿童比其他年龄组更脆弱，因为他们目睹了悲惨的破坏场景，以及地震灾难导致的全新生活状况。儿童幸存者的生活过程经历了许多不同的变化，这些变化受到多种因素的影响。了解这些儿童的生活过程可能会带来有效的结果和干预措施。此外，观察儿童幸存者可以建立对与地震灾难相关挑战的认识和理解。此外，观察这一群体在决策和确定类似情况下的援助类型方面可能会更有效。
本研究旨在解释伊朗北部曼吉尔地震中幸存儿童的生活过程。这项定性研究基于扎根理论方法。抽样包括对12名在曼吉尔地震中幸存且地震发生时年龄在12岁以下的儿童进行有目的的访谈。初步访谈之后进行持续比较分析，因此抽样过程采用了理论趋势。最后，通过形成研究的类别和核心变量，对16名受试者进行了访谈并提供了足够的数据。数据通过使用访谈指南进行面对面的深入访谈收集。为了丰富数据分析中形成的类别，我们还与相同的参与者进行了6次电话访谈，以补充遗漏的所需信息。数据收集始于2015年，一直持续到2016年。数据使用施特劳斯-科尔宾方法进行分析。
儿童地震幸存者的生活过程包括“意外遭遇”、“短暂的救援活动”和“长期后果”。本研究的核心变量是“痛苦的阴影和预期寿命的光明阴影”。这群儿童的生活经历沉浸在痛苦的回忆中，并且在不同情况下有所不同。
根据本研究的结果，影响儿童地震幸存者生活且可能威胁其健康的因素之一是提供非特定的短暂服务。培训救援人员在救援行动时考虑这些儿童的特殊需求有助于在各个方面提高他们的健康水平。政策制定者在灾害管理中考虑有效和全面的康复计划可以预防地震造成的永久性并发症。规划并采取行动识别这群儿童的不当行为，以及提高公众意识，特别是对父母而言，关于如何应对自然灾害的后果，是一些最重要的公共卫生优先事项。为地震中幸存的父母和儿童提供公共心理健康服务有助于解决这群幸存者潜在的心理问题。
