Mini-open versus percutaneous surgical repair for acute Achilles tendon rupture: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE

To compare the clinical outcomes and complications of mini-open (MOT) and percutaneous techniques (PT) in the surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR).

METHODS

We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing MOT with PT for AATR. We assessed functional outcomes, complication rates, and operation time. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan Web. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a fixed-effects model for dichotomous and continuous endpoints, respectively. Heterogeneity was evaluated with I statistics.

RESULTS

Eight studies, comprising 484 patients, were included, of whom 226 (46%) underwent MOT. MOT was associated with a significantly lower re-rupture rate (1.48% vs. 6.11%; OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.09-0.86; p = 0.03; I = 6%) and sural nerve injury rate (0.57% vs. 5.64%; OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.07-0.81; p = 0.02; I = 0%). No significant differences were observed in venous thrombosis (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.17-3.94; p = 0.33; I = 0%), wound infection (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.12-2.62; p = 0.46; I = 0%), or operation time (MD 1.83 min; 95% CI -1.13-4.79; p = 0.23; I = 88%). Functional outcomes showed higher American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot scores in the MOT group (MD 1.52 points; 95% CI 0.62-2.42; p = 0.001; I = 3%), while (Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score) ATRS, time to return to activities, and ankle plantar and dorsiflexion were comparable.

CONCLUSIONS

MOT for AATR repair seems to reduce re-ruptures and sural nerve injuries while improving AOFAS scores, with no significant differences in other complications compared to PT. These findings suggest that the MOT may offer a safer and equally effective alternative to PT for AATR.