Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Biogerontology. 2024 Oct 29;26(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s10522-024-10145-3.
The integumentary system serves as a crucial protective barrier and is subject to complex signaling pathways that regulate its physiological functions. As the body's first line of defense, the skin is continuously exposed to environmental stressors, necessitating a robust network of signaling molecules to maintain homeostasis. Considering the main cellular components to be keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, and fibrous components, collagen of various types, this review explores the intricate signaling mechanisms that govern skin integrity, focusing on key pathways involved in impacts of ageing and environment factors on skin health. The role of growth factors, cytokines, hormones and other molecular mediators in these processes is examined. Specially for women, decrease of estrogen is determinant to alter signaling and to compromise skin structure, especially the dermis. Environmental factors, such as ultraviolet rays and pollution alongside the impact of ageing on signaling pathways, especially TGF-β and proteases (metalloproteinases and cathepsins). Furthermore, with advancing age, the skin's capacity to shelter microbiome challenges diminishes, leading to alterations in signal transduction and subsequent functional decline. Understanding these age-related changes is essential for developing targeted therapies aimed at enhancing skin health and resilience, but also offers a promising avenue for the treatment of skin disorders and the promotion of healthy ageing.
皮肤是人体最大的器官，其主要功能是保护身体免受外界环境的侵害。皮肤作为身体的第一道防线，不断受到环境压力的影响，需要一个强大的信号分子网络来维持体内平衡。考虑到皮肤的主要细胞成分是角质形成细胞、黑素细胞、成纤维细胞和纤维成分，如各种类型的胶原，本文探讨了影响皮肤健康的信号通路，重点研究了衰老和环境因素对皮肤健康影响的关键途径。还探讨了生长因子、细胞因子、激素和其他分子介质在这些过程中的作用。特别是对于女性，雌激素的减少决定了信号的改变和皮肤结构的破坏，特别是真皮。环境因素，如紫外线和污染，以及衰老对信号通路的影响，特别是 TGF-β 和蛋白酶（金属蛋白酶和组织蛋白酶）。此外，随着年龄的增长，皮肤保护微生物组的能力下降，导致信号转导的改变和随后的功能下降。了解这些与年龄相关的变化对于开发针对皮肤健康和弹性的靶向治疗至关重要，但也为治疗皮肤疾病和促进健康衰老提供了有前途的途径。
