Kniess Johannes
Politics, Newcastle University-Newcastle Campus, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
J Med Ethics. 2025 Apr 24;51(5):jme-2024-110209. doi: 10.1136/jme-2024-110209.
The idea of a 'tobacco-free generation' promises to make smoking a thing of the past by making cigarettes unavailable to birth cohorts in the future. If implemented, such a generational ban would lead to a society in which some individuals are allowed the freedom to smoke while others are not. This paper examines the ethical significance of this fact through the lens of 'relational egalitarianism', an approach to social justice that emphasises equal and respectful social relationships. It explores various dimensions in which a society can fail to live up to the idea of equal status, such as the denial of moral agency, discrimination, stigmatisation, the unequal recognition of interests and violations of political equality. While acknowledging the complexity of practical and ethical challenges, the paper maintains that the generational ban need not violate egalitarian commitments.
“无烟一代”的理念有望通过让未来出生队列无法获得香烟,使吸烟成为过去式。如果实施这样的代际禁令,将会导致一个部分人被允许吸烟自由而另一些人却不被允许的社会。本文通过“关系平等主义”的视角审视这一事实的伦理意义,“关系平等主义”是一种强调平等和尊重的社会关系的社会正义方法。它探讨了社会在哪些方面可能无法实现平等地位的理念,例如对道德能动性的否定、歧视、污名化、对利益的不平等承认以及对政治平等的侵犯。在承认实际和伦理挑战复杂性的同时,本文认为代际禁令不一定会违背平等主义承诺。