Badu-Prempeh Nana Boakye Agyeman, Carboo Abraham Kyei, Amoa Akua, Awuku-Aboagye Edwina, Amoah Akua Afrah, Pekyi-Boateng Prince Kwabla
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.
Neurol Sci. 2025 Feb;46(2):705-711. doi: 10.1007/s10072-024-07825-w. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
This study analyzes data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to identify factors influencing cognitive performance among the elderly, as measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Employing multivariable linear regression, we evaluated the impact of demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors on cognitive function in U.S. adults aged 60 and older. Our findings indicate that advanced age, particularly in those aged 70-79 and 80 + years, is associated with lower DSST scores. Male gender is linked with reduced cognitive performance, while higher educational attainment appears protective. Lifestyle factors, including current smoking and higher alcohol consumption, negatively impact cognitive outcomes, and excessive sleep duration (over 9 h) is also detrimental. Among health conditions, diabetes, chronic heart failure, and a history of stroke were associated with cognitive declines. Furthermore, increasing severity of depression correlates with lower cognitive function. These results underline the need for comprehensive public health strategies that integrate lifestyle modifications and chronic disease management to maintain cognitive health in older adults.
本研究分析了美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，以确定影响老年人认知表现的因素，认知表现通过数字符号替换测验（DSST）来衡量。采用多变量线性回归，我们评估了人口统计学、生活方式和健康相关因素对60岁及以上美国成年人认知功能的影响。我们的研究结果表明，高龄，尤其是70 - 79岁和80岁及以上人群，与较低的DSST分数相关。男性与认知表现下降有关，而较高的教育程度似乎具有保护作用。生活方式因素，包括当前吸烟和较高的酒精摄入量，对认知结果有负面影响，睡眠时间过长（超过9小时）也有害。在健康状况方面，糖尿病、慢性心力衰竭和中风病史与认知能力下降有关。此外，抑郁症严重程度增加与较低的认知功能相关。这些结果强调了需要综合的公共卫生策略，将生活方式改变和慢性病管理相结合，以维持老年人的认知健康。
