Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 29;24(1):2990. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20449-1.
BACKGROUND: Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity (PA), non-communicable disease and premature mortality rates among adults continue to rise. The relationship between adults' goals and exercise-specific motivation on the type of PA intensity one engages remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify physical activity (PA) profiles based on frequency and intensity (i.e., levels of PA) in an adult sample. A secondary purpose was to examine how the PA profiles differ on the reasons people have for exercising and behavioral regulation. METHODS: A Cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,169 (46.8 ± 16.7 years) participants solicited from a hospital-affiliated wellness center, social media promotions, and a research volunteer registry. The International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine frequency, intensity, and time spent engaging in PA. Additionally, the Reasons to Exercise (REX-2) scale, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3), and demographics were assessed. K-cluster analyses were performed to identify profiles based on PA levels using the IPAQ guidelines. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to assess profile differences. RESULTS: Five distinct PA clusters were derived, and defined as: a Low, Walking, Moderate Intensity, High Intensity, and Sitting cluster (p < .001). These clusters differed significantly (p < .001) from each other with respect to motivation, the reasons adults have for exercise, and PA levels. CONCLUSION: The results from this study support the important role of psychological factors such as motivation and reasons for exercise on behavioral outcomes (i.e., physical activity). For future research investigating adults PA- related behaviors, whether it be on adults starting a new exercise program or for PA maintenance, it may be beneficial to develop programs that encourage participants to reflect on the reasons they identify as important for exercising, and how such reasons contribute to their overall PA engagement behaviors.
背景：尽管身体活动（PA）有诸多益处，但成年人的非传染性疾病和过早死亡率仍在上升。成年人的目标与运动特定动机之间的关系仍然不清楚，这种关系与一个人从事的 PA 强度类型有关。本研究的目的是根据成人样本的频率和强度（即 PA 水平）确定 PA 模式。次要目的是研究 PA 模式在人们锻炼的原因和行为调节上的差异。 方法：对 1169 名（46.8±16.7 岁）参与者进行了横断面调查，这些参与者是从医院附属健康中心、社交媒体宣传和研究志愿者登记处招募的。使用国际身体活动问卷（IPAQ）来确定频率、强度和时间从事 PA。此外，还评估了锻炼原因量表（REX-2）、运动行为调节问卷-3（BREQ-3）和人口统计学资料。使用 IPAQ 指南，采用 K 聚类分析根据 PA 水平确定模式。采用多变量方差分析（MANOVA）评估模式差异。 结果：得出了五个不同的 PA 群集，分别为：低、步行、中高强度、高和坐群（p<0.001）。这些群集在动机、成年人锻炼的原因以及 PA 水平方面存在显著差异（p<0.001）。 结论：本研究结果支持心理因素（如动机和锻炼原因）对行为结果（即身体活动）的重要作用。对于未来研究成年人的 PA 相关行为，无论是研究成年人开始新的锻炼计划还是 PA 维持，开发鼓励参与者反思他们认为重要的锻炼原因的计划，并了解这些原因如何促进他们的整体 PA 参与行为，可能会有所帮助。
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