Liu Yurui, Zhang Duoteng, Qu Yunwei, Tang Fang, Wang Hui, Ding Aixiang, Li Lin
The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, China.
Chem Biomed Imaging. 2023 Aug 2;2(2):81-97. doi: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00070. eCollection 2024 Feb 26.
Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating cellular energy homeostasis and cell death, making them essential organelles. Maintaining proper cellular functions relies on the removal of damaged mitochondria through a process called mitophagy. Mitophagy is associated with changes in the pH value and has implications for numerous diseases. To effectively monitor mitophagy, fluorescent probes that exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity based on pH detection have emerged as powerful tools. In this review, we present recent advancements in the monitoring of mitophagy using small-molecule fluorescence pH probes. We focus on various sensing mechanisms employed by these probes, including intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), through bond energy transfer (TBET), and photoelectron transfer (PET). Additionally, we discuss disease models used for studying mitophagy and summarize the design requirements for small-molecule fluorescent pH probes suitable for monitoring the mitophagy process. Lastly, we highlight the remaining challenges in this field and propose potential directions for the future development of mitophagy probes.
线粒体在调节细胞能量稳态和细胞死亡中起着关键作用，使其成为必不可少的细胞器。维持正常的细胞功能依赖于通过一种称为线粒体自噬的过程清除受损的线粒体。线粒体自噬与pH值变化相关，并与多种疾病有关。为了有效地监测线粒体自噬，基于pH检测表现出高选择性和灵敏度的荧光探针已成为强大的工具。在这篇综述中，我们展示了使用小分子荧光pH探针监测线粒体自噬的最新进展。我们关注这些探针采用的各种传感机制，包括分子内电荷转移（ICT）、荧光共振能量转移（FRET）、通过键能转移（TBET）和光电子转移（PET）。此外，我们讨论了用于研究线粒体自噬的疾病模型，并总结了适用于监测线粒体自噬过程的小分子荧光pH探针的设计要求。最后，我们强调了该领域仍然存在的挑战，并提出了线粒体自噬探针未来发展的潜在方向。
