Birbas Effrosyni, Vatopoulou Anastasia, Kanavos Theofilos, Birmpas Kyriakos, Skentou Chara, Zikopoulos Athanasios, Gkrozou Fani
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
Hormones (Athens). 2025 Mar;24(1):179-188. doi: 10.1007/s42000-024-00603-5. Epub 2024 Oct 31.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a dimeric glycoprotein that belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and plays essential roles in sexual differentiation and folliculogenesis. In the male embryo, AMH is produced by the Sertoli cells and induces the involution of the Müllerian ducts. In females, AMH is predominately produced by the granulosa cells of growing preantral and small antral follicles and regulates follicular maturation. Many recent studies have highlighted the significant role of this hormone in the diagnostic approach to female children and adolescents with various disorders that affect ovarian development and function. AMH is considered a valuable diagnostic tool in the management of female pediatric patients with conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, precocious puberty, ovarian tumors, differences in sex development, and premature ovarian insufficiency. Standardization of AMH assays, internationally approved reference values based on age and pubertal stage, and widespread availability of the test could further upgrade the clinical utility of AMH, rendering it a valuable tool in the armamentarium of physicians involved in the care of female children and adolescents, and promote future research.
抗苗勒管激素（AMH）是一种二聚体糖蛋白，属于转化生长因子β超家族，在性别分化和卵泡发生中起重要作用。在雄性胚胎中，AMH由支持细胞产生，诱导苗勒管退化。在女性中，AMH主要由生长中的窦前卵泡和小窦卵泡的颗粒细胞产生，并调节卵泡成熟。最近的许多研究强调了这种激素在诊断患有影响卵巢发育和功能的各种疾病的女童和青少年中的重要作用。在管理患有多囊卵巢综合征、性早熟、卵巢肿瘤、性发育差异和卵巢早衰等疾病的儿科女性患者时，AMH被认为是一种有价值的诊断工具。AMH检测的标准化、基于年龄和青春期阶段的国际认可参考值以及该检测的广泛可用性可以进一步提升AMH的临床实用性，使其成为参与女童和青少年护理的医生的有用工具，并促进未来的研究。
