Klatsky A L, Friedman G D, Armstrong M A
Circulation. 1986 Apr;73(4):628-36. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.73.4.628.
In a new study controlled for many factors, we reconfirmed the relationship of higher blood pressure to alcohol use. This relationship was slightly stronger in men, whites, and persons 55 years of age or older. A slight increase in blood pressure appeared in men who drank one to two drinks daily, and a continuous increase occurred at all higher drinking levels among white men who had constant drinking habits. Among women, an increase occurred only at three or more drinks daily. The data suggest complete regression, beginning within days, of alcohol-associated hypertension upon abstinence. Blood pressure showed minor differences with beverage preference: those who preferred liquor had higher adjusted mean blood pressure than those preferring wine or beer. The results of this study contribute to the likelihood that the alcohol-blood pressure association is causal. Smoking, coffee use, and tea use showed no association with higher blood pressure. Systolic pressure showed a positive relationship to total serum calcium and an inverse relationship to serum potassium, but diastolic pressure showed little relationship to these blood constituents; the explanations include a possible direct effect on regulation of blood pressure.
在一项对多种因素进行控制的新研究中，我们再次证实了高血压与饮酒之间的关系。这种关系在男性、白人以及55岁及以上人群中略强。每天饮用1至2杯酒的男性血压略有升高，而有持续饮酒习惯的白人男性在所有更高饮酒量水平下血压持续升高。在女性中，仅在每天饮用3杯或更多酒时血压才会升高。数据表明，戒酒几天后，与酒精相关的高血压会完全消退。血压在饮料偏好方面存在微小差异：偏爱烈酒的人经调整后的平均血压高于偏爱葡萄酒或啤酒的人。这项研究的结果增加了酒精与血压之间存在因果关系的可能性。吸烟、喝咖啡和喝茶与高血压无关。收缩压与血清总钙呈正相关，与血清钾呈负相关，但舒张压与这些血液成分关系不大；其原因可能包括对血压调节的直接影响。
