Does an Osteoporosis-like Condition Jeopardize the Osseointegration Process Around Dental Implants Placed in Animal Models? A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE

To gather information on the characteristics of implant osseointegration in animal models of induced osteoporosis to identify the role that some factors have in increasing the success rate in these situations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted to identify information between 2002 and 2023 regarding osseointegration of dental implants in animal models of induced osteoporosis. A standardized data extraction form was used to record data for each study, such as the article title, date, authors, number of animals, purpose of the study, type of analysis used by the authors, follow-up period, type of implants used, test and control groups, interventions, and conclusions.

RESULTS

A total of 204 articles were found for evaluation and selection. Out of the articles found, 43 were selected and evaluated based on the bone-to-implant contact percentage (BIC%) reported in them. Other parameters such as the bone-to-implant mechanical interface, bone area (BA), and bone volume (BV) ratios were also evaluated in the studies, if applicable. In the selected articles, a tendency for compromised results of implant osseointegration in the presence of osteoporosis was found. Both the modification of the implant surface as well as systemic and local use of antiresorptive drugs and other substances showed benefits for implant success in osteoporotic sites. However, there was still no observed consensus among studies regarding the superiority of systemic medications in improving the process of peri implant bone repair.

CONCLUSIONS

Although it is possible to improve the osseointegration of implants in osteoporotic bone, either by using systemic or local factors, the metabolic bone syndrome caused by osteoporosis can jeopardize the osseointegration of dental implants.