Hindle Veronica K, Veasley Nadine M, Holscher Hannah D
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
J Nutr. 2025 Feb;155(2):381-401. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.043. Epub 2024 Oct 31.
Diet affects the intestinal microbiota. Increasingly, research is linking the intestinal microbiota to various human health outcomes. Consumption of traditional prebiotics (inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides) confers health benefits through substrate utilization by select intestinal microorganisms, namely Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli spp. A similar but distinct concept focused on microorganisms to support human health is through direct consumption of certain live microorganisms recognized as probiotics, which classically include Lactobacilli or Bifidobacterium strains. With advances in sequencing technologies and culturing techniques, other novel functional intestinal microorganisms are being increasingly identified and studied to determine how they may underpin human health benefits. These novel microorganisms are targeted for enrichment within the autochthonous intestinal microbiota through dietary approaches and are also gaining interest as next-generation probiotics because of their purported beneficial properties. Thus, characterizing dietary approaches that nourish select microorganisms in situ is necessary to propel biotic-focused research forward. As such, we reviewed the literature to summarize findings on dietary approaches that nourish the human intestinal microbiota and benefit health to help fill the gap in knowledge on the connections between certain microorganisms, the metabolome, and host physiology. The overall objective of this systematic review was to summarize the impact of dietary interventions with the propensity to nourish certain intestinal bacteria, affect microbial metabolite concentrations, and support gastrointestinal, metabolic, and cognitive health in healthy adults. Findings from the 17 randomized controlled studies identified in this systematic review indicated that dietary interventions providing dietary fibers, phytonutrients, or unsaturated fatty acids differentially enriched Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus species, with variable effects on microbial metabolites and subsequent associations with physiologic markers of gastrointestinal and metabolic health. These findings have implications for biotic-focused research on candidate prebiotic substrates as well as next-generation probiotics.
饮食会影响肠道微生物群。越来越多的研究将肠道微生物群与各种人类健康结果联系起来。食用传统益生元（菊粉、低聚果糖和低聚半乳糖）可通过特定肠道微生物（即双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌属）对底物的利用而带来健康益处。一个类似但不同的关注微生物以支持人类健康的概念是直接食用某些被认为是益生菌的活微生物，传统上这些益生菌包括乳酸杆菌或双歧杆菌菌株。随着测序技术和培养技术的进步，其他新型功能性肠道微生物越来越多地被识别和研究，以确定它们如何促进人类健康益处。这些新型微生物通过饮食方法在本土肠道微生物群中得以富集，并且由于其所谓的有益特性，作为下一代益生菌也越来越受到关注。因此，确定能在原位滋养特定微生物的饮食方法对于推动以生物为重点的研究至关重要。为此，我们回顾了文献，总结了关于滋养人类肠道微生物群并有益于健康的饮食方法的研究结果，以填补在某些微生物、代谢组和宿主生理学之间联系方面的知识空白。这项系统评价的总体目标是总结饮食干预对健康成年人的影响，这些干预措施倾向于滋养某些肠道细菌、影响微生物代谢物浓度，并支持胃肠道、代谢和认知健康。在这项系统评价中确定的17项随机对照研究的结果表明，提供膳食纤维、植物营养素或不饱和脂肪酸的饮食干预会使阿克曼氏菌、拟杆菌属、梭菌属、真杆菌属、粪杆菌属、罗斯氏菌属和瘤胃球菌属物种有不同程度的富集，对微生物代谢物有不同影响，并随后与胃肠道和代谢健康的生理标志物相关联。这些发现对以生物为重点的候选益生元底物以及下一代益生菌的研究具有启示意义。
