Baldeon Alexis D, McDonald Daniel, Gonzalez Antonio, Knight Rob, Holscher Hannah D
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
J Nutr. 2023 Jul;153(7):2004-2015. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.018. Epub 2023 Feb 22.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans advises on dietary intake to meet nutritional needs, promote health, and prevent diseases. Diet affects the intestinal microbiota and is increasingly linked to health. It is vital to investigate the relationships between diet quality and the microbiota to better understand the impact of nutrition on human health.
This study aimed to investigate the differences in fecal microbiota composition in adults from the American Gut Project based on their adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the 16S sequencing and food frequency data of a subset of adults (n = 432; age = 18-60 y; 65% female, 89% white) participating in the crowdsourced American Gut Project. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 assessed the compliance with Dietary Guideline recommendations. The cohort was divided into tertiles based on Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores, and differences in taxonomic abundances and diversity were compared between high and low scorers.
The mean Total Score for low-scoring adults (58.1 ± 5.4) was comparable with the reported score of the average American adult (56.7). High scorers for the Total Score and components related to vegetables, grains, and dairy had greater alpha diversity than low scorers. High scorers in the fatty acid component had a lower alpha diversity than low scorers (95% CI: 0.35, 1.85). A positive log-fold difference in abundance of plant carbohydrate-metabolizing taxa in the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae was observed in high-scoring tertiles for Total Score, vegetable, fruit, and grain components (Benjamini-Hochberg; q < 0.05).
Adults with greater compliance to the Dietary Guidelines demonstrated higher diversity in their fecal microbiota and greater abundance of bacteria capable of metabolizing complex carbohydrates, providing evidence on how Dietary Guidelines support the gut microbiota.
《美国膳食指南》就饮食摄入量提供建议，以满足营养需求、促进健康并预防疾病。饮食会影响肠道微生物群，且与健康的关联日益紧密。研究饮食质量与微生物群之间的关系对于更好地理解营养对人类健康的影响至关重要。
本研究旨在根据成年人对《美国膳食指南》的遵循情况，调查美国肠道项目中成年人粪便微生物群组成的差异。
本研究对参与众包的美国肠道项目的一部分成年人（n = 432；年龄 = 18 - 60岁；65%为女性，89%为白人）的16S测序和食物频率数据进行横断面分析。2015年健康饮食指数评估了对膳食指南建议的依从性。根据2015年健康饮食指数得分将队列分为三分位数，并比较高分者和低分者在分类丰度和多样性方面的差异。
低分成年人的平均总分（58.1 ± 5.4）与美国成年人均得分（56.7）相当。总分及与蔬菜、谷物和乳制品相关成分的高分者比低分者具有更高的α多样性。脂肪酸成分的高分者比低分者的α多样性更低（95%置信区间：0.35，1.85）。在总分、蔬菜、水果和谷物成分的高分三分位数中，观察到毛螺菌科和瘤胃球菌科中植物碳水化合物代谢类群的丰度存在正对数倍差异（Benjamini - Hochberg；q < 0.05）。
对膳食指南依从性更高的成年人粪便微生物群具有更高的多样性，且能够代谢复杂碳水化合物的细菌丰度更高，这为膳食指南如何支持肠道微生物群提供了证据。
