Neurocognitive Outcomes Following Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has the potential to affect neurodevelopment and long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Early, consistent viral suppression through antiretroviral therapy is a priority for protection of neurodevelopment. Monitoring of neurodevelopment and cognitive functioning, referral for appropriate interventions, caregiver/family support, and assessment of mental health, socioeconomic, and environmental risks are important to optimize health and well-being. Support for medication and health care adherence may be necessary to sustain best outcomes.