Wirth Michael D, Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle, Shivappa Nitin, Murphy E Angela, Hébert James R
College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC 29208.
Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC 29208.
J Nutr. 2023 Oct 28;153(12):3555-64. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.023.
Diet quality is a moderator of cardiometabolic markers. The timing of dietary intake may be an important determinant; however, previous results have been mixed. Complex mechanisms may result in an interaction between diet timing and quality.
This study aimed to examine the association between fasting duration and first and last mealtime and inflammatory and lipid biomarkers. We also explored the interactions between Energy-density Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) scores and meal-timing on inflammatory and lipid biomarkers.
This study was a secondary data analysis of a dietary intervention. Assessments occurred at baseline and 3-months. Three unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls estimated diet for calculation of E-DII scores, nighttime fasting duration, and first and last mealtime. Cardiometabolic markers were obtained from a fasting blood sample. Multiple linear regression of baseline data was used for Aim 1. For Aim 2, the interaction between E-DII change over 3 months and the meal-timing metrics were used to estimate changes in cardiometabolic markers.
Most participants (n=95) were female (81%) and White (62%) and they had an average age of 46.9 ± 13.4 years and BMI of 31.4 ± 7.1 kg/m. Every one-hour longer fasting duration was associated with increased total cholesterol (β=5.79, p=0.01), LDL-cholesterol (β=4.47, p=0.03), and LDL:HDL ratio (β=0.08, p=0.04). For every 30-minute later first mealtime, increases in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and LDL:HDL ratios also were observed. Anti-inflammatory E-DII changes were associated with reduced total cholesterol and LDL-C (among participants with shorter fasting durations, later last mealtime, or earlier first mealtime) and C-reactive protein (CRP, among earlier first mealtime and shorter fasting duration).
This study provides evidence for interaction between dietary timing and quality on cardiometabolic biomarkers. Worsening lipid profiles seen with longer fasting durations may be an artifact of skipped or delayed breakfast, underlining the potential importance of food consumption early in the morning.
NCT02382458 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02382458).
饮食质量是心脏代谢标志物的一个调节因素。饮食摄入的时间可能是一个重要的决定因素；然而，先前的研究结果并不一致。复杂的机制可能导致饮食时间和质量之间的相互作用。
本研究旨在探讨禁食时长与第一餐和最后一餐用餐时间与炎症和脂质生物标志物之间的关联。我们还探讨了能量密度饮食炎症指数（E-DII）得分与用餐时间对炎症和脂质生物标志物的相互作用。
本研究是一项饮食干预的二次数据分析。评估在基线和3个月时进行。通过三次未事先通知的24小时饮食回顾来估计饮食情况，以计算E-DII得分、夜间禁食时长以及第一餐和最后一餐用餐时间。从空腹血样中获取心脏代谢标志物。目标1使用基线数据的多元线性回归分析。对于目标2，使用3个月内E-DII的变化与用餐时间指标之间的相互作用来估计心脏代谢标志物的变化。
大多数参与者（n = 95）为女性（81%）且为白人（62%），平均年龄为46.9±13.4岁，体重指数为31.4±7.1kg/m²。禁食时长每延长一小时，总胆固醇（β = 5.79，p = 0.01）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（β = 4.47，p = 0.03）和低密度脂蛋白：高密度脂蛋白比值（β = 0.08，p = 0.04）都会升高。第一餐用餐时间每推迟30分钟，总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白：高密度脂蛋白比值也会升高。抗炎性E-DII变化与总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低相关（在禁食时长较短、最后一餐用餐时间较晚或第一餐用餐时间较早的参与者中），以及与C反应蛋白（CRP，在第一餐用餐时间较早和禁食时长较短的参与者中）降低相关。
本研究为饮食时间和质量对心脏代谢生物标志物的相互作用提供了证据。禁食时间延长时出现的脂质谱恶化可能是不吃早餐或早餐推迟的假象，凸显了清晨进食的潜在重要性。
NCT02382458（https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02382458）。
