Wang Jingwen, Zhou Haijun, Chun Xi, Wan Zhiqiang, Liu Chun, Gong Yitian
College of Geographical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China.
College of Geographical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau's Climate System, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China; Inner Mongolia Repair Engineering Laboratory of Wetland Eco-environment System, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Oct 28:168180. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168180.
Quantifying the individual impact of each PM-containing source on increasing health risk is essential for mitigating the harmful effects of atmospheric pollutants to human health. However, there remains a limited understanding of these health risks and their association with sources in semi-arid cities. To address this lack of understanding, 20 PM-bound toxic metals (PTMs) were observed at six sampling sites in Wuhai, a typical semi-arid city in northwest China. The spatiotemporal variations, sources, and health risks of PTMs in Wuhai were investigated. Silicon (Si), Ca, Na, Al, Mg, and Fe were the predominant metals, accounting for 90.2 % of total metals. The contents of anthropogenic metals (Cd, Hg, and Pb) were higher during winter and autumn, whereas those of crustal metals (Si, Fe, Cu, Al, and Co) were higher during spring. The sources of PTMs in Wuhai were identified as soil sources (SS, 57.8 %), fugitive dust (FD, 23.3 %), vehicular emissions (VE, 13.4 %), metal smelting (MS, 3.9 %), and coal combustion (CC, 1.7 %). The hazard quotient of Mn and the hazard index of PTMs for children were >1, suggesting a non-carcinogenic health risk for children. The carcinogenic risk of Cr was >1 × 10, suggesting a Cr-associated carcinogenic risk for both adults and children in Wuhai. The main sources of non-carcinogenic risk included VE (62.5 %), SS (18.4 %), MS (11.3 %), CC (4.6 %), and FD (3.2 %). Alternatively, the main sources of carcinogenic risks included MS (53.8 %), VE (15.9 %), SS (13.9 %), CC (8.8 %), and FD (7.6 %). Overall, this study suggests that natural sources (SS and FD) are significant contributors to the health risks of PTMs in semi-arid cities. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of PTMs in semi-arid cities and reveals the contribution of each potential source to corresponding health risks.
量化每种含颗粒物源对增加健康风险的个体影响，对于减轻大气污染物对人类健康的有害影响至关重要。然而，对于半干旱城市中这些健康风险及其与源的关联，人们的了解仍然有限。为了解决这一认识不足的问题，在中国西北典型的半干旱城市乌海的六个采样点观测了20种与颗粒物结合的有毒金属（PTM）。对乌海PTM的时空变化、来源和健康风险进行了调查。硅（Si）、钙、钠、铝、镁和铁是主要金属，占总金属的90.2%。人为金属（镉、汞和铅）的含量在冬季和秋季较高，而地壳金属（硅、铁、铜、铝和钴）的含量在春季较高。乌海PTM的来源被确定为土壤源（SS，57.8%）、扬尘（FD，23.3%）、机动车排放（VE，13.4%）、金属冶炼（MS，3.9%）和煤炭燃烧（CC，1.7%）。锰的危害商和儿童PTM的危害指数>1，表明儿童存在非致癌健康风险。铬的致癌风险>1×10，表明乌海的成人和儿童均存在与铬相关的致癌风险。非致癌风险的主要来源包括VE（62.5%）、SS（18.4%）、MS（11.3%）、CC（4.6%）和FD（3.2%）。另外，致癌风险的主要来源包括MS（53.8%）、VE（15.9%）、SS（13.9%）、CC（8.8%）和FD（7.6%）。总体而言，本研究表明自然源（SS和FD）是半干旱城市PTM健康风险的重要贡献者。总之，本研究提供了对半干旱城市PTM的全面理解，并揭示了每种潜在源对相应健康风险的贡献。
