Inamdar Aparna, Gurupadayya Bannimath, Halagali Prashant, Nandakumar S, Pathak Rashmi, Singh Himalaya, Sharma Himanshu
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India.
Curr Pharm Des. 2025;31(8):598-618. doi: 10.2174/0113816128344571241018154506.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the hardest neurodegenerative diseases to treat due to its enduring cognitive deterioration and memory loss. Despite extensive research, few viable treatment approaches have been found; these are mostly due to several barriers, such as the disease's complex biology, limited pharmaceutical efficacy, and the BBB. This presentation discusses current strategies for addressing these therapeutic barriers to enhance AD treatment. Innovative drug delivery methods including liposomes, exosomes, and nanoparticles may be able to pass the blood-brain barrier and allow medicine to enter specific brain regions. These innovative strategies of medicine distribution reduce systemic side effects by improving absorption. Moreover, the development of disease-modifying treatments that target tau protein tangles, amyloid-beta plaques, and neuroinflammation offers the chance to influence the course of the illness rather than only treat its symptoms. Furthermore, gene therapy and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies have surfaced as potentially groundbreaking methods for addressing the underlying genetic defects associated with AD. Furthermore, novel approaches to patient care may involve the utilization of existing medications having neuroprotective properties, such as those for diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Furthermore, biomarker research and personalized medicine have made individualized therapy approaches possible, ensuring that patients receive the best care possible based on their unique genetic and molecular profiles.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）仍然是最难治疗的神经退行性疾病之一，因为它会持续导致认知能力衰退和记忆丧失。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但几乎没有找到可行的治疗方法；这主要是由于几个障碍，比如该疾病复杂的生物学特性、有限的药物疗效以及血脑屏障。本报告讨论了当前应对这些治疗障碍以加强AD治疗的策略。包括脂质体、外泌体和纳米颗粒在内的创新药物递送方法或许能够穿过血脑屏障，使药物进入特定脑区。这些创新的药物分布策略通过改善吸收来减少全身副作用。此外，针对tau蛋白缠结、β淀粉样斑块和神经炎症的疾病修饰治疗的发展，为影响疾病进程而非仅仅治疗其症状提供了机会。此外，基因治疗和CRISPR-Cas9技术已成为解决与AD相关的潜在基因缺陷的潜在开创性方法。此外，新的患者护理方法可能包括利用具有神经保护特性的现有药物，比如用于治疗糖尿病和心血管疾病的药物。此外，生物标志物研究和个性化医疗使个性化治疗方法成为可能，确保患者根据其独特的基因和分子特征获得尽可能最佳的护理。
