Cho Gyeongjun, Kim Da-Ran, Kwak Youn-Sig
Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
Division of Applied Life Science, RILS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Oct 18;15:1442208. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1442208. eCollection 2024.
The phenomenon in which the damage of plant diseases is suppressed by continuous cropping is defined as "suppressiveness" and the development of suppressive soils and key beneficial microorganisms have been identified through various previous studies. However, no studies have been conducted on microbial communities related to disease occurrence before the initial occurrence of diseases in crop monoculture.
We aimed to investigate the ecological modifications of pathogen population density in soil, disease occurrence rate, and microbiota community shifting during ginseng monoculture to better understand the tripartite social relationships in the monoculture system. To achieve the study's objectives, a long-term monoculture of ginseng was established. The microbial diversity and community structure were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, and the pathogen population density and disease occurrence rate were determined using qPCR and observation.
The results showed that the initial rhizosphere bacterial community of ginseng had already collapsed before the development of the root rot disease. The study also identified the crucial role of soil-borne pathogens in causing disease and the loss of initial keystone taxa populations in the early stages of monoculture. Our study revealed a novel aspect of soil microbiota dynamics during ginseng monoculture, with seven distinct microbes (Beijerinckiaceae, Comamonadaceae, Devosiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae) participating in soil nitrogen metabolism as an 'initial community' that regulates root rot disease through nutritional competition. The findings contribute to ecological research on disease-suppressiveness soil, disease management, and sustainable agriculture.
连作抑制植物病害损害的现象被定义为“抑制性”，此前通过各种研究已确定了抑制性土壤和关键有益微生物的发展情况。然而，对于作物单作中病害初次发生之前与病害发生相关的微生物群落尚未开展研究。
我们旨在研究人参单作过程中土壤病原菌种群密度的生态变化、病害发生率以及微生物群落的转移，以便更好地理解单作系统中的三方关系。为实现该研究目标，建立了人参长期单作体系。使用高通量测序分析微生物多样性和群落结构，使用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）和观察确定病原菌种群密度和病害发生率。
结果表明，在根腐病发生之前，人参最初的根际细菌群落已经崩溃。该研究还确定了土传病原菌在致病中的关键作用以及单作早期初始关键分类群种群的丧失。我们的研究揭示了人参单作过程中土壤微生物群动态的一个新方面，有七种不同的微生物（拜叶林克氏菌科、丛毛单胞菌科、德沃斯氏菌科、根瘤菌科、鞘脂杆菌科、鞘氨醇单胞菌科和黄单胞菌科）作为“初始群落”参与土壤氮代谢，通过营养竞争调节根腐病。这些发现有助于病害抑制性土壤的生态研究、病害管理和可持续农业。
