Internal Medicine Service, University General Hospital of Castellon, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Internal Medicine Service, Hospital of Vinaroz, Vinaroz, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 4;14(1):26575. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78017-x.
The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their determinants, are still unknown. This study aimed to assess symptoms one year after admission for COVID-19, according to the organ/system involved, and to identify factors. Cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from March 2020 to February 2021. Inclusion criteria: aged ≥ 18 years and admitted for COVID-19. Exclusion criteria: death, not localized, refusal to participate, cognitive impairment or language barrier. A telephone survey was conducted on long COVID-related symptoms one year after hospital discharge. n = 486. The most frequent symptom groups were neurological (n = 225; 46.3%) and respiratory (n = 201; 41.4%). Multivariable analysis showed that a history of anxiety was significantly associated with psychiatric symptoms (ORa = 2.04, 95%CI = 1.02-4.06), fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue with general symptoms (ORa = 11.59, 95%CI = 1.47-9.34) and obesity with respiratory (ORa 1.90, 95%CI = 1.27-2.83) and musculoskeletal symptoms (ORa 1.96, 95%CI = 1.30-2.96). Male sex was associated with a significantly lower risk of neurological (ORa 0.64, 95%CI = 0.44-0.93), respiratory (ORa 0.45, 95%CI = 0.31-0.67), general (ORa 0.43, 95%CI = 0.29-0.63), psychiatric (ORa 0.34, 95%CI = 0.22-0.51), musculoskeletal (ORa 0.47, 95%CI = 0.32-0.70), dermatological (ORa 0.24, 95%CI = 0.14-0.42) and digestive (ORa 0.38, 95%CI = 0.20-0.73) symptoms. Advanced age (≥ 71 years) also had a protective effect against general (ORa 0.60, 95%CI = 0.39-0.95), psychiatric (ORa 0.39, 95%CI = 0.23-0.64), and dermatological (ORa 0.47, 95%CI = 0.24-0.92) symptoms. Patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently experience symptoms at one year, especially neurological and respiratory symptoms. Female sex, obesity, a history of anxiety and fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue were independent risk factors for presenting symptoms. Advanced age acted as a protective factor.
SARS-CoV-2 感染的长期影响及其决定因素尚不清楚。本研究旨在根据涉及的器官/系统评估 COVID-19 入院一年后的症状，并确定相关因素。这是一项回顾性数据收集的横断面研究，时间为 2020 年 3 月至 2021 年 2 月。纳入标准：年龄≥18 岁并因 COVID-19 住院。排除标准：死亡、非局部、拒绝参与、认知障碍或语言障碍。出院一年后，通过电话调查与长 COVID 相关的症状。n=486。最常见的症状群为神经系统（n=225；46.3%）和呼吸系统（n=201；41.4%）。多变量分析显示，焦虑史与精神症状显著相关（ORa=2.04，95%CI=1.02-4.06），纤维肌痛/慢性疲劳与全身症状相关（ORa=11.59，95%CI=1.47-9.34），肥胖与呼吸系统（ORa=1.90，95%CI=1.27-2.83）和肌肉骨骼症状（ORa=1.96，95%CI=1.30-2.96）相关。男性与神经系统（ORa=0.64，95%CI=0.44-0.93）、呼吸系统（ORa=0.45，95%CI=0.31-0.67）、全身（ORa=0.43，95%CI=0.29-0.63）、精神（ORa=0.34，95%CI=0.22-0.51）、肌肉骨骼（ORa=0.47，95%CI=0.32-0.70）、皮肤（ORa=0.24，95%CI=0.14-0.42）和消化系统（ORa=0.38，95%CI=0.20-0.73）症状的低风险显著相关。高龄（≥71 岁）也对全身（ORa=0.60，95%CI=0.39-0.95）、精神（ORa=0.39，95%CI=0.23-0.64）和皮肤（ORa=0.47，95%CI=0.24-0.92）症状具有保护作用。因 SARS-CoV-2 感染而住院的患者在一年后经常出现症状，尤其是神经系统和呼吸系统症状。女性、肥胖、焦虑和纤维肌痛/慢性疲劳病史是出现症状的独立危险因素。高龄是保护因素。
