Capitanio Laurie, Ratte Sylviane, Gautier Sylvain, Josseran Loic
Département Universitaire Santé Publique, Observation, Territoires, UFR Simone Veil-santé, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, 2 Av. de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
Vital Strategies - European Office, 9 rue Charlot, 75003, Paris, France.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 16;10(20):e39473. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39473. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
According to the World Health Organization, air pollution is responsible for 90 % of deaths in Africa. However, limited data on exposure to air pollution is available, and studies are rare, particularly in French-speaking Africa. This study aims to investigate the impact of air pollution on mortality in 12 French-speaking African countries (Algeria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Democratic Republic of Congo, Senegal, Tunisia). Using data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), annual concentrations of the PM pollutant from different cities were integrated into a spatial interpolation model (IDW) at the scale of each country. The interpolation was validated using cross-validation models. For each of the considered cardiorespiratory diseases (LRI, stroke, COPD, IHD), the attributable mortality fraction was estimated using literature data and population exposure calculated using demographic data from each country. Large variations in ambient PM concentration between the 12 countries are observed, with concentrations ranging from 1.76 μg/m in Morocco to 64.99 μg/m in Cameroon. Concentrations are higher in West Africa than in Central or North Africa. In 2019, 136 457 deaths attributable to air pollution were recorded in the 12 countries: 40.8 % from ischemic heart disease, 38.5 % from stroke, 13.2 % from lower respiratory infections and 7.5 % from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our model allowed us to obtain a spatial distribution and the number of deaths related to air pollution. However, the estimation of the health impact from air pollution could be improved by more systematic and comprehensive local exposure assessments from a robust air quality monitoring system.
根据世界卫生组织的数据，空气污染导致了非洲90%的死亡。然而，关于空气污染暴露的数据有限，相关研究也很少，尤其是在非洲法语国家。本研究旨在调查空气污染对12个非洲法语国家（阿尔及利亚、布基纳法索、布隆迪、喀麦隆、几内亚、科特迪瓦、马达加斯加、马里、摩洛哥、刚果民主共和国、塞内加尔、突尼斯）死亡率的影响。利用健康指标与评估研究所（IHME）的数据，将不同城市的PM污染物年浓度整合到每个国家尺度的空间插值模型（IDW）中。使用交叉验证模型对插值进行验证。对于每种考虑的心肺疾病（下呼吸道感染、中风、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、缺血性心脏病），利用文献数据和使用每个国家人口统计数据计算的人口暴露量来估计归因死亡率。观察到12个国家之间环境PM浓度存在很大差异，浓度范围从摩洛哥的1.76μg/m到喀麦隆的64.99μg/m。西非的浓度高于中非或北非。2019年，这12个国家记录了136457例空气污染导致的死亡：40.8%来自缺血性心脏病，38.5%来自中风，13.2%来自下呼吸道感染，7.5%来自慢性阻塞性肺疾病。我们的模型使我们能够获得与空气污染相关的死亡的空间分布和数量。然而，通过强大的空气质量监测系统进行更系统、全面的本地暴露评估，可以改进对空气污染健康影响的估计。
