Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
J Atten Disord. 2025 Jan;29(1):70-79. doi: 10.1177/10870547241293946. Epub 2024 Nov 5.
This study investigates the association between dietary intake and ADHD diagnosis and its dimensions in adolescents.
In the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, 810 adolescents aged 16 to 20 years provided information on ADHD diagnosis and completed a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted using Principal Component Analysis. Parents reported on ADHD symptoms using the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form, and the Impulsivity subscale from the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire.
The 80 adolescents with ADHD scored higher on the Snacking dietary pattern compared to those without ADHD, while they did not differ on Healthy, Animal-based, Sweet, or Beverage dietary patterns. All ADHD symptom scores (Hyperactivity, Inattention and Impulsivity, and ADHD-index) correlated with increased Snacking. Impulsivity was inversely related to Sweet dietary patterns and positively to Beverage dietary patterns.
The results highlight the importance of considering ADHD dimensions beyond diagnosis in understanding adolescents' dietary intake.
本研究旨在探讨青少年饮食摄入与 ADHD 诊断及其各维度之间的关系。
在 KOALA 出生队列研究中，810 名 16 至 20 岁的青少年提供了 ADHD 诊断信息，并完成了一份食物频率问卷。采用主成分分析提取膳食模式。家长使用康纳斯父母评定量表修订短式和儿童中期气质问卷冲动分量表报告 ADHD 症状。
80 名 ADHD 青少年的零食膳食模式得分高于无 ADHD 青少年，而他们在健康、动物源、甜食或饮料膳食模式上没有差异。所有 ADHD 症状评分（多动、注意力不集中和冲动以及 ADHD 指数）均与增加的零食摄入相关。冲动与甜食膳食模式呈负相关，与饮料膳食模式呈正相关。
研究结果强调，在理解青少年饮食摄入时，除了诊断之外，还需要考虑 ADHD 的各个维度。
