Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
OSU Extension, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Nutr Neurosci. 2023 Jun;26(6):572-581. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2071805. Epub 2022 May 10.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a U.S. pediatric prevalence of 8-10%. It presents with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity; frequently associated with emotional dysregulation (ED) symptoms common in Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. The etiology of ADHD is multi-factorial; symptom severity is associated with diet. This study examines the association of diet quality with ADHD and ED symptoms within a pediatric research cohort.
Baseline data were analyzed for 134 children aged 6-12 years with symptoms of ADHD and ED enrolled in an RCT of multinutrient supplementation. Diet quality was based on Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). ADHD and ED symptoms were assessed using Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Linear regression models, adjusting for covariates when necessary, determined association.
The mean HEI Total Score of 63.4 (SD = 8.8) was not significantly associated with any outcome symptoms. However, after adjusting for covariates, HEI component scores for total fruit intake (β = -0.158, = .037) and total vegetable intake (β = -0.118, = .004) were negatively associated with inattention.
The lack of association with total diet quality could be explained by the relatively good baseline diet quality and mild symptom severity in this sample, along with measurement error from dietary intake estimates and relatively small sample size. These findings suggest that dietary intake may impact inattention in children with ADHD and ED: those eating less fruits and vegetables were likely to have more severe symptoms of inattention. Causality is not established by this cross-sectional analysis.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种神经发育障碍，其美国儿科患病率为 8-10%。它表现为注意力不集中和多动/冲动；常伴有情绪失调（ED）症状，常见于对立违抗性障碍和破坏性情绪失调障碍。ADHD 的病因是多因素的；症状严重程度与饮食有关。本研究在儿科研究队列中检查了饮食质量与 ADHD 和 ED 症状之间的关联。
对 134 名年龄在 6-12 岁、有 ADHD 和 ED 症状的儿童进行了基线数据分析，这些儿童参加了一种多营养补充剂的 RCT。饮食质量基于健康饮食指数-2015（HEI-2015）。使用儿童和青少年症状清单-5 和优点和困难问卷评估 ADHD 和 ED 症状。线性回归模型，在必要时调整协变量，确定关联。
平均 HEI 总分 63.4（SD=8.8）与任何结果症状均无显著关联。然而，在调整协变量后，总水果摄入量（β=-0.158，P=0.037）和总蔬菜摄入量（β=-0.118，P=0.004）的 HEI 成分得分与注意力不集中呈负相关。
总饮食质量与 ADHD 和 ED 症状无关联可能是由于该样本的基线饮食质量相对较好，症状严重程度较轻，以及饮食摄入估计和相对较小的样本量存在测量误差。这些发现表明，饮食摄入可能会影响患有 ADHD 和 ED 的儿童的注意力不集中：那些吃水果和蔬菜较少的人可能会有更严重的注意力不集中症状。此横断面分析不能确定因果关系。
