Welke Bastian, Daentzer Dorothea, Neidlinger-Wilke Cornelia, Liebsch Christian
Labor für Biomechanik und Biomaterialien, Orthopädische Klinik der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover im DIAKOVERE Annastift, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
Department Wirbelsäule, Orthopädische Klinik der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover im DIAKOVERE Annastift, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
Orthopadie (Heidelb). 2024 Dec;53(12):912-917. doi: 10.1007/s00132-024-04578-4. Epub 2024 Nov 5.
The intervertebral disc represents the flexible connection between two adjacent vertebral bodies. Intervertebral discs, therefore, give the spine its enormous range of motion. At the same time, intervertebral discs distribute the load evenly over the bony vertebral bodies to ensure load transfer from the upper body to the pelvis, provide sufficient stability, and absorb shocks during everyday movements as well as under extreme loads. The two tissue regions of the intervertebral disc, the central fluid-rich core (nucleus pulposus) and the lamellae of the outer fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus) experience different stresses under load and movement. This article summarizes current knowledge on the biomechanical properties of the intervertebral disc and explains how these are altered by degeneration and which surgical treatment options for degenerated and herniated discs are advisable from a biomechanical perspective.
椎间盘是两个相邻椎体之间的柔性连接结构。因此，椎间盘赋予脊柱极大的活动范围。同时，椎间盘将负荷均匀分布于骨质椎体上，以确保从上半身到骨盆的负荷传递，提供足够的稳定性，并在日常活动以及极端负荷下吸收冲击。椎间盘的两个组织区域，即富含液体的中央核心（髓核）和外层纤维环（纤维环）的薄片，在负荷和运动下承受不同的应力。本文总结了关于椎间盘生物力学特性的当前知识，并解释了这些特性如何因退变而改变，以及从生物力学角度来看，对于退变和突出的椎间盘，哪些手术治疗方案是可取的。
