Telesurgery: humanitarian and surgical benefits while navigating technologic and administrative challenges.

Telesurgery, the remote execution of surgical procedures through telecommunication and robotic systems, has witnessed substantial growth in recent years, promising to address global healthcare disparities and enhance surgical expertise. This paper explores the humanitarian and surgical benefits of telesurgery, emphasizing its potential to provide expert surgical care to underserved regions. Despite its transformative potential, telesurgery faces significant technologic challenges, including issues of data transmission, latency, and the need for advanced robotic platforms. The advent of 5G networks and innovative robotic systems provides a promising technological landscape, yet global disparities in 5G coverage remain a concern. Ethical considerations, ranging from preserving the surgeon-patient relationship to addressing patient vulnerability and conflicts of interest, are pivotal aspects that demand attention. The paper underscores the importance of clear regulatory frameworks and international collaboration to navigate legal complexities and ensure ethical standards. As telesurgery progresses, integrating artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and haptic feedback technologies holds promise for further advancements. Despite these challenges, telesurgery has the potential to achieve equitable access to expert surgical care; however, it requires a collective effort to overcome its intricate technologic and administrative hurdles.