Effects of Lactobacillus spp. on Helicobacter pylori: A Promising Frontier in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance.

Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium responsible for multiple gastrointestinal disorders, has emerged as a major global concern due to rise in antibiotic resistance. Unwanted side effects of antibiotics therapy are further complicating the treatment strategies. Consequently, an alternative approach, using probiotics has emerged as a promising solution for treating H. pylori infections. Probiotics have shown considerable potential in increasing the cure rate and reducing the side effects through diverse mechanisms. Among the widely employed probiotics, Lactobacillus spp. has garnered particular attention in this review. After reviewing the studies on effects of Lactobacillus spp. on H. pylori, it is evident that several Lactobacillus spp. have demonstrated their potential efficacy against H. pylori infection, when administered alone or in conjunction with antibiotics, in a strain-specific manner. Furthermore, the inclusion of Lactobacillus spp. in the treatment regimen has also been associated with a reduction in the side effects related to antibiotic-based therapies. Future research may focus on identifying optimal strains and treatment regimens, understanding the long-term impacts of use, and determining their role in preventing H. pylori infection in various populations.