Buabang Eike K, Donegan Kelly R, Rafei Parnian, Gillan Claire M
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2025 Jan;29(1):41-59. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.006. Epub 2024 Nov 4.
Habits are the behavioral output of two brain systems. A stimulus-response (S-R) system that encourages us to efficiently repeat well-practiced actions in familiar settings, and a goal-directed system concerned with flexibility, prospection, and planning. Getting the balance between these systems right is crucial: an imbalance may leave people vulnerable to action slips, impulsive behaviors, and even compulsive behaviors. In this review we examine how recent advances in our understanding of these competing brain mechanisms can be harnessed to increase the control over both making and breaking habits. We discuss applications in everyday life, as well as validated and emergent interventions for clinical populations affected by the balance between these systems. As research in this area accelerates, we anticipate a rapid influx of new insights into intentional behavioral change and clinical interventions, including new opportunities for personalization of these interventions based on the neurobiology, environmental context, and personal preferences of an individual.
习惯是两个大脑系统的行为输出。一个刺激-反应（S-R）系统，鼓励我们在熟悉的环境中高效地重复练习良好的动作；另一个是目标导向系统，涉及灵活性、前瞻性和规划。在这些系统之间取得正确的平衡至关重要：失衡可能会使人们容易出现行为失误、冲动行为，甚至强迫行为。在这篇综述中，我们研究了如何利用我们对这些相互竞争的大脑机制的最新理解进展，来增强对养成和打破习惯的控制。我们讨论了在日常生活中的应用，以及针对受这些系统平衡影响的临床人群的经过验证的和新出现的干预措施。随着该领域研究的加速，我们预计将迅速涌入关于有意行为改变和临床干预的新见解，包括基于个体的神经生物学、环境背景和个人偏好对这些干预措施进行个性化的新机会。
