Emergency and Critical Care Center, Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Nov 5;22(1):676. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02906-6.
Non-invasive imaging in the near-infrared region (NIR) offers enhanced tissue penetration, reduced spontaneous fluorescence of biological tissues, and improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), rendering it more suitable for in vivo deep tissue imaging. In recent years, a plethora of NIR photoresponsive materials have been employed for disease diagnosis, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI). These encompass inorganic nonmetallic materials such as carbon (C), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs); precious metal nanoparticles like gold and silver; as well as small molecule and organic semiconductor polymer nanoparticles with near infrared responsiveness. These materials enable effective therapy triggered by NIR light and serve as valuable tools for monitoring AKI in living systems. The review provides a concise overview of the current state and pathological characteristics of AKI, followed by an exploration of the application of nanomaterials and photoresponsive nanomaterials in AKI. Finally, it presents the design challenges and prospects associated with NIR photoresponsive materials in AKI.
近红外区域（NIR）的无创成像提供了增强的组织穿透性、减少了生物组织的自发荧光、并提高了信噪比（SNR），使其更适合体内深层组织成像。近年来，许多 NIR 光响应材料已被用于疾病诊断，特别是急性肾损伤（AKI）。这些材料包括无机非金属材料如碳（C）、硅（Si）、磷（P）和上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）；贵金属纳米粒子如金和银；以及具有近红外响应性的小分子和有机半导体聚合物纳米粒子。这些材料可以通过 NIR 光实现有效的治疗，并作为监测活体系统中 AKI 的有价值工具。本综述简要概述了 AKI 的现状和病理特征，探讨了纳米材料和光响应纳米材料在 AKI 中的应用。最后，提出了与 AKI 中的 NIR 光响应材料相关的设计挑战和前景。
