Zhao Haotian, Deng Yongjia, Song Ge, Zhu Hongkang, Sun Lingyu, Li Huixin, Yan Yi, Liu Chang
Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
J Exerc Sci Fit. 2024 Oct;22(4):456-462. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.001. Epub 2024 Oct 13.
Rhythmic physical activity holds promise for positively influencing the gross motor development of 4-5-year-old children, yet empirical research in this domain remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rhythmic physical activity on the gross motor development in children aged 4-5 years.
Fifty children aged 4-5 years were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Both groups participated in a 10-week intervention program facilitated by a professional trainer, with support from numerous dedicated volunteers from reputable sports universities. This program comprised a one-week baseline assessment followed by 8 weeks of rhythmic physical activity training conducted three times per week. Gross motor performance was assessed using the PGMQ scale before and one week after the intervention.
Following the 8-week intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significant enhancements in displacement ability, with notable improvements observed in. Specifically, the scores for running, sliding lateral transfer, leaping step, two-footed back-and-forth jump, and total displacement ability showed significant increases (P < 0.05). Moreover, the total scores for running, standing long jump, sliding lateral transfer, leaping step, two-footed back-and-forth jump, and displacement ability exhibited significant differences between the intervention and control groups (P < 0.05). Regarding manipulative ability, the intervention group showed significant increases in scores for over-the-shoulder throwing, two-handed catching, and kicking (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between groups in the scores for two-handed catching and kicking (P < 0.05). Concerning balance ability, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in scores for single-leg stand, double-leg stand, and total balance ability (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in any of the indices within the control group (P > 0.05). The two-way repeated measures ANOVA of intervention × time revealed significant differences in scores for running, sliding lateral movement, leaping step, jumping back and forth with both feet, leading ability, kicking, manipulation ability, single-leg stand, double-leg stand, balance ability, and gross motor scores (P < 0.05).
This study underscores the beneficial impact of engaging in eight weeks of rhythmic physical activity on the gross motor development of 4-5-year-olds. Furthermore, the improvements in gross motor development achieved through rhythmic physical activity may surpass those obtained through general physical activity.
有节奏的体育活动有望对4至5岁儿童的大肌肉发展产生积极影响，但该领域的实证研究仍然有限。本研究旨在调查有节奏的体育活动对4至5岁儿童大肌肉发展的影响。
招募了50名4至5岁的儿童，并将他们随机分配到干预组或对照组。两组都参加了一个由专业教练指导、众多来自知名体育大学的志愿者协助的为期10周的干预项目。该项目包括为期一周的基线评估，随后是每周三次、为期8周的有节奏的体育活动训练。在干预前和干预后一周，使用PGMQ量表评估大肌肉运动表现。
经过8周的干预，干预组在位移能力方面有显著提高，具体表现为跑步、横向滑动转移、跨步跳、双脚来回跳和总位移能力的得分显著增加（P<0.05）。此外，干预组和对照组在跑步、立定跳远、横向滑动转移、跨步跳、双脚来回跳和位移能力的总分上存在显著差异（P<0.05）。在操作能力方面，干预组在过肩投掷、双手接球和踢腿的得分上有显著提高（P<0.05）。此外，两组在双手接球和踢腿的得分上存在显著差异（P<0.05）。在平衡能力方面，干预组在单腿站立、双腿站立和总平衡能力的得分上有显著提高（P<0.05）。对照组的任何指标均未观察到显著差异（P>0.05）。干预×时间的双向重复测量方差分析显示，在跑步、横向滑动运动、跨步跳、双脚来回跳、引导能力、踢腿、操作能力、单腿站立、双腿站立、平衡能力和大肌肉运动得分方面存在显著差异（P<0.05）。
本研究强调了进行8周有节奏的体育活动对4至5岁儿童大肌肉发展的有益影响。此外，通过有节奏的体育活动实现的大肌肉发展改善可能超过通过一般体育活动获得的改善。
