İnce Mustafa, Karaman Özlü Zeynep
Department of Operating Room, Hakkari Semdinli State Hospital, Hakkari, Turkey.
Nursing Faculty, Department of Surgical Nursing, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
J Perianesth Nurs. 2025 Jun;40(3):604-611. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2024.07.012. Epub 2024 Nov 7.
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of virtual reality (VR) on pain, anxiety, physiological parameters, and postspinal headache in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.
This was a randomized controlled experimental trial.
The research was conducted in the operating room unit of the state hospital in Hakkari-Şemdinli District Center between May 2021 and June 2022. Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, visual analog scale (VAS), verbal category scale (VCS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Application Registration Form to record preoperative and postoperative oxygen saturation and heart rate.
When the groups' VAS and VCS mean scores were compared for head and incision site pain, the mean scores of headache and incision site pain in both groups were found to be significantly lower in the experimental group patients (P < .001). In addition, the difference between the groups in headache VAS and VCS mean scores at all hours was statistically significant; incision site pain VAS and VCS mean scores were significantly lower between the groups at all hours, except the 1st and 2nd hours (P < .001). While there was no significant difference in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (SAS) pretest mean scores between the groups (P > .05), the SAS post-test mean scores of the experimental group were significantly lower (P < .05). The mean heart rate in the intraoperative and postoperative periods and the mean saturation in the postoperative period differed significantly between the groups (P < .05). The difference between the blood pressure averages before, during, and after the operation was not statistically significant in both groups (P > .05). While nausea and vomiting was significant in the experimental group only at the 2nd hour (P < .05), it was not statistically significant at the other hours (P > .05).
VR was found to effectively reduce pain, anxiety, postspinal headache, and increase the oxygen saturation level in the postoperative period in patients who underwent spinal anesthesia. Hence, VR is an effective treatment for patients who have undergone surgery under spinal anesthesia.
本研究旨在确定虚拟现实（VR）对接受脊髓麻醉患者的疼痛、焦虑、生理参数和脊髓穿刺后头痛的影响。
这是一项随机对照实验性试验。
该研究于2021年5月至2022年6月在哈卡里-塞姆丁利区中心州立医院的手术室进行。使用描述性信息表、视觉模拟量表（VAS）、言语分类量表（VCS）、状态-特质焦虑量表以及用于记录术前和术后血氧饱和度及心率的应用登记表收集数据。
比较两组在头部和切口部位疼痛的VAS和VCS平均得分时，发现实验组患者头痛和切口部位疼痛的平均得分均显著低于对照组（P < .001）。此外，两组在各时间点头痛的VAS和VCS平均得分差异具有统计学意义；除第1小时和第2小时外，两组在各时间点切口部位疼痛的VAS和VCS平均得分均显著较低（P < .001）。两组在状态-特质焦虑量表（SAS）预测试平均得分上无显著差异（P > .05），但实验组的SAS后测试平均得分显著较低（P < .05）。两组在术中和术后的平均心率以及术后的平均血氧饱和度存在显著差异（P < .05）。两组手术前、手术中和手术后的血压平均值差异无统计学意义（P > .05）。虽然恶心和呕吐仅在实验组的第2小时显著（P < .05），但在其他时间点无统计学意义（P > .05）。
研究发现VR能有效减轻接受脊髓麻醉患者的疼痛、焦虑和脊髓穿刺后头痛，并提高术后血氧饱和度水平。因此，VR是接受脊髓麻醉手术患者的一种有效治疗方法。
