Rotter M L, Koller W, Wewalka G, Werner H P, Ayliffe G A, Babb J R
J Hyg (Lond). 1986 Feb;96(1):27-37. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400062501.
Controlled parallel experiments were performed on the Vienna test model for the evaluation of procedures for hygienic hand-disinfection in three laboratories (Vienna, Mainz, Birmingham). The degerming activity of four procedures, each taking 1 min, was assessed repeatedly and compared with that of a standard disinfection procedure (ST) using isopropanol 60% (v/v). The mean log reductions (mean log RF) for each procedure were as follows: n-propanol 50% (v/v) 4.85 and 5.14 in Vienna (V) and Mainz (M) respectively, ethanol 70% (v/v) + chlorhexidine-gluconate 0.5% (w/v), 4.01 (V), 3.76 (M) and 4.00 in Birmingham (B). Washing procedures were less effective, mean log RF's of 3.19 (V), 3.49 (M) and 3.04 (B) were obtained with povidone-iodine soap, and 2.91 (V), 3.37 (M) and 3.27 (B) with a liquid phenolic soap. Analysis of variance on the data from Vienna and Mainz revealed significant differences of means not only between procedures ('preparations') but also on repeat testing. To compensate for the influence of variables such as test subjects, laboratory and day, the Vienna test model provides a method of standardization by testing a ST in parallel with the test procedure (P). Standardization of the results was obtained by pair-wise substraction, log RFPi-log RFSTi. Analysis of variance on the resulting values demonstrated that comparability of the results between laboratories and on repeat testing was achieved. The relative variation of the measurements within the laboratories ranged from 0.9 to 4.2%. As assessed by power-analysis, a disinfection procedure will be detected as significantly (P = 0.1) inferior to the standard processes in 95 of 100 experiments if it produces a mean log RF that is at least 0.55-0.65 log units smaller than that of the standard.
在维也纳测试模型上进行了对照平行实验，以评估三个实验室（维也纳、美因茨、伯明翰）中手部卫生消毒程序。对四种各需1分钟的消毒程序的除菌活性进行了反复评估，并与使用60%（v/v）异丙醇的标准消毒程序（ST）进行比较。各程序的平均对数减少量（平均对数RF）如下：在维也纳（V）和美因茨（M），50%（v/v）正丙醇分别为4.85和5.14；在伯明翰（B），70%（v/v）乙醇+0.5%（w/v）葡萄糖酸洗必泰为4.01（V）、3.76（M）和4.00。洗手程序效果较差，使用聚维酮碘皂在维也纳（V）、美因茨（M）和伯明翰（B）的平均对数RF分别为3.19、3.49和3.04，使用液体酚类皂则分别为2.91（V）、3.37（M）和3.27（B）。对来自维也纳和美因茨的数据进行方差分析显示，不仅程序（“制剂”）之间，而且重复测试时均值也存在显著差异。为补偿测试对象、实验室和日期等变量的影响，维也纳测试模型提供了一种标准化方法，即通过与测试程序（P）平行测试ST来实现。通过两两相减，log RFPi - log RFSTi，实现了结果的标准化。对所得值进行方差分析表明，实现了实验室之间以及重复测试时结果的可比性。各实验室内测量的相对变化范围为0.9%至4.2%。通过功效分析评估，如果一种消毒程序产生的平均对数RF比标准程序至少小0.55 - 0.65对数单位，那么在100次实验中的95次实验中，该消毒程序将被检测为显著（P = 0.1）劣于标准程序。
