De partment of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
Metallomics. 2024 Nov 7;16(11). doi: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae049.
Metalloenzymes play central roles in the anaerobic metabolism of human gut microbes. They facilitate redox and radical-based chemistry that enables microbial degradation and modification of various endogenous, dietary, and xenobiotic nutrients in the anoxic gut environment. In this review, we highlight major families of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-dependent enzymes and molybdenum cofactor-containing enzymes used by human gut microbes. We describe the metabolic functions of 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases, glycyl radical enzyme activating enzymes, Fe-S cluster-dependent flavoenzymes, U32 oxidases, and molybdenum-dependent reductases and catechol dehydroxylases in the human gut microbiota. We demonstrate the widespread distribution and prevalence of these metalloenzyme families across 5000 human gut microbial genomes. Lastly, we discuss opportunities for metalloenzyme discovery in the human gut microbiota to reveal new chemistry and biology in this important community.
金属酶在人类肠道微生物的厌氧代谢中起着核心作用。它们促进了氧化还原和基于自由基的化学，使微生物能够在缺氧的肠道环境中降解和修饰各种内源性、饮食和外源性营养物质。在这篇综述中，我们强调了人类肠道微生物使用的主要铁硫 (Fe-S) 簇依赖性酶和钼辅因子依赖性酶家族。我们描述了 2-羟酰基辅酶 A 脱水酶、甘氨酰基自由基酶激活酶、Fe-S 簇依赖性黄素酶、U32 氧化酶以及钼依赖性还原酶和儿茶酚脱羟基酶在人类肠道微生物群中的代谢功能。我们证明了这些金属酶家族在 5000 个人类肠道微生物基因组中的广泛分布和普遍性。最后，我们讨论了在人类肠道微生物群中发现金属酶的机会，以揭示这个重要群落中的新化学和生物学。
